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Plants of Nachusa Grasslands

Native Plant Species
The preserve is home to over 700 native plant species. Our plant inventory includes not only the scientific and common names, but also a plant's coefficient of conservatism value. The nomenclature and coefficient of conservatism (C value) follow:  Wilhelm & Rericha 2016. Flora of Chicago. NA values are moss or liverworts, not included in Flora of Chicago. The coefficient of conservatism assigns each native species a number from 0 to 10. The coefficient of conservatism (C) expresses the confidence that a plant specimen was found in a remnant natural plant community, a “0” expressing no confidence and a “10” expressing total confidence.
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Download a pdf of this webpage: Plants of Nachusa Inventory

(Plants Listed by Genus Species)

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​  *Federally Threatened Species
**Federally Endangered Species

​  †State Threatened Species
††State Endangered Species

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Plants listed by common names

Common Name (Genus species)—Conservation coefficient

• alfalfa (Medicago sativa) NON-NATIVE C=0
• alkali bulrush (Bolboschoenus maritimus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• allegheny Juneberry (Amelanchier laevis) C=7
• alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• American burnweed, pilewort (Erechtites hieraciifolius) C=0
• American dragonhead (Dracocephalum parviflorum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• American elm (Ulmus americana) C=3
• American gromwell (Lithospermum latifolium) C=10
• American hazelnut (Corylus americana) C=5
• American linden (Tilia americana​) C=5
• American pennyroyal (Hedeoma pulegioides) C=4
• American sweet flag (Acorus americanus) C=9
• American vetch (Vicia americana) C=4
• American watermeal (Wolffia columbiana) C=5
• amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) NON-NATIVE C=0
• annual bluegrass (Poa annua) NON-NATIVE C=0
• annual fleabane (Erigeron annuus) C=0
• apple (Malus pumila) NON-NATIVE C=0
• aromatic aster (Symphyotrichum oblongifolium) C=9
• arrow-leaved tear-thumb (Tracaulon sagittatum) C=7
• arrow-leaved violet (Viola sagittata) C=5
• arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) C=10
• Asian autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) NON-NATIVE C=0
• asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Aunt Lucy (Ellisia nyctelea) C=2
• awl-fruited oval sedge (Carex tribuloides) C=7
• Baileys dewberry (Rubus baileyanus) C=10
• balsam ragwort (Packera paupercula) C=4
• barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) NON-NATIVE C=0
• beach wormwood (Artemisia campestris subsp. caudata) C=5
• beak grass (Diarrhena obovata) C=10
• bellwort (Uvularia grandiora) C=7
• big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) C=5
• birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• birdfoot violet (Viola pedata var. lineariloba) C=9
• bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) C=5
• black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) C=1
• black-seeded rice grass (Piptatherum racemosum) C=10
• black bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) C=7
• black haw (Viburnum prunifolium) C=5
• black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia​) NON-NATIVE C=0
• black maple (Acer nigrum) C=5
• black medic (Medicago lupulina) NON-NATIVE C=0
• black mulberry (Morus cult. illinois everbearing) NON-NATIVE C=0
• black nightshade (Solanum ptychanthum) C=0
• black oak (Quercus velutina) C=5
• black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis​) C=0
• black snakeroot (Sanicula marilandica) C=5
• black walnut (Juglans nigra) C=3
• black willow (Salix nigra) C=5
• bladder campion (Silene vulgaris) NON-NATIVE C=0
• bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia) C=7
• bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) C=5
• blue-fruited dogwood (Cornus obliqua) C=5
• blue beech (Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana) C=8
• blue cohosh​ (Caulophyllum thalictroides) C=8
• blue flag iris (Iris virginica shrevei) C=5
• bluejoint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis) C=6
• blue toadflax (Nuttallanthus canadensis) C=4
• blue vervain (Verbena hastata) C=4
• blunt-lobed grape fern (Sceptridium oneidense) C=5
• blunt spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa) C=3
• bog clearweed (Pilea fontana) C=7
• bog goldenrod (Solidago uliginosa) C=10
• bottlebrush grass (Hystrix patula) C=5
• box huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata) C=9
• boxelder (Acer negundo) C=0
• boxwood knotweed (Polygonum buxiforme) C=0
• bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) C=5
• bracted orchid (Coeloglossum viride) C=10
• bristly aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum) C=8
• bristly cat brier (Smilax hispida) C=4
• bristly sedge (Carex comosa) C=5
• broad-leaved cattail (Typha latifolia) C=5
• broad-leaved panic grass (Dichanthelium latifolium) C= 8
• broom oval sedge (Carex scoparia) C=5
• brown-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia triloba) C=1
• brown fox sedge (Carex vulpinoidea) C=2
• buffalo bur (Solanum rostratum)  NON-NATIVE C=0
• bulbous cress (Cardamine bulbosa) C=7
• bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) NON-NATIVE  C=0
• bur cucumber (Sicyos angulatus) C=2
• bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) C=5
• bushy pinweed (Lechea stricta)  C=10
• butter and eggs (Linaria vulgaris) NON-NATIVE  C=0
• butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa)  C=8
• butternut (Juglans cinerea)  C=10
• buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)  C=5
• calico aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)  C=4
• Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa) NON-NATIVE  C=0
• Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) C=1
• Canada hawkweed (Hieracium umbellatum) C=8
• Canada wild rye (Elymus canadensis) C=4
• Canadian black snakeroot (Sanicula canadensis) C=5
• Canadian germander (Teucrium canadense) C=3
• Canadian milkvetch (Astragalus canadensis) C=8
• Canadian rush (Juncus canadensis) C=5
• Canadian St. Johnswort (Hypericum canadense) C=10
• cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis)  C=7
• Carolina anemone (Anemone caroliniana) C=10
• Carolina cranesbill (Geranium carolinianum) C=1
• carpet bugle (Ajuga reptans) NON-NATIVE  C=0
• catnip (Nepeta cataria) NON-NATIVE  C=0
• cheeses (Malva neglecta) NON-NATIVE  C=0
• Chicago leek (Allium burdickii)  C=0
• chicory (Cichorium intybus) NON-NATIVE  C=0
• choke cherry (Prunus virginiana)  C=3
• cinnamon willow-herb (Epilobium coloratum)  C=3
• clammy false foxglove (Aureolaria pedicularia)  C=7
• clammy ground cherry (Physalis heterophylla)  C=3
• clammy hedge hyssop (Gratiola neglecta)  C=3
• clammy weed (Polanisia dodecandra)  C=0
• clearweed (Pilea pumila)  C=2
• cliff fern (Woodsia obtusa)  C=10
• climbing bittersweet (Celastrus scandens)  C=4
• climbing false buckwheat (Fallopia scandens)  C=3
• closed gentian (Gentiana andrewsii)  C=9
• clustered black snakeroot (Sanicula odorata)  C=3
• clustered broomrape †† (Orobanche fasciculata)  C=10
• clustered poppy mallow (Callirhoe triangulata)  C=8
• common arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)  C=3 
• common beggar ticks (Bidens frondosa)  C=1
• common blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium albidum)  C=6
• common blue violet (Viola sororia)  C=3
• ​common boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)  C=4
• common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)  NON-NATIVE C=0
• common bur reed (Sparganium eurycarpum)  C=5
• common burdock (Arctium minus)  NON-NATIVE C=0
• common carrion flower (Smilax lasioneura) C=5
• common chickweed (Stellaria media​) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common cinquefoil (Potentilla simplex) C=3
• common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium var. canadense) C=0
• common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)  NON-NATIVE C=0
• common day flower (Commelina communis)  NON-NATIVE C=0
• common dewberry (Rubus flagellaris) C=5 
• common dodder (Cuscuta gronovii) C=5 
• common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) C=0
• common flax (Linum usitatissimum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common fly honeysuckle (Lonicera x muendeniensis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common fox sedge (Carex stipata) C=4
• common gaura (Gaura longiflora) C=2
• common goats beard (Tragopogon pratensis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common grape hyacinth (Muscari botryoides) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common hop sedge (Carex lupulina) C=6
• common ironweed (Vernonia fasciculata) C=8
• common knotweed (Polygonum aviculare) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common lake sedge (Carex lacustris) C=5
• common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) C=0
• common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum) C=5
• common mullein (Verbascum thapsus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common oak sedge (Carex pensylvanica) C=5
• common panic grass (Dichanthelium implicatum) C=4
• common partridge pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) C= 4
• common pepper cress (Lepidium virginicum) C=0
• common plantain (Plantago major) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) C=0
• common rockrose (Crocanthemum canadense) C=7
• common sandbur (Cenchrus longispinus) C=0
• common sow thistle (Sonchus uliginosus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common speedwell (Veronica ocinalis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common spiderwort (Tradescantia ohiensis) C=3
• common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common stiff sedge (Carex tetanica) C=7
• common tussock sedge (Carex stricta) C=5
• common Venus looking glass (Triodanis perfoliata) C=1
• common water horehound (Lycopus americanus) C=4
• common water plantain (Alisma subcordatum) C=3
• common watercress (Nasturtium ocinale) NON-NATIVE C=0
• common whitlow cress (Draba reptans) C=4
• common wood reed (Cinna arundinacea) C=5
• common wood sedge (Carex blanda) C=1
• common wood sorrel (Oxalis dillenii) C=0
• common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) C=0
• common yellow lake sedge (Carex utriculata) C=8
• common yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) NON-NATIVE C=0
• compass plant (Silphium laciniatum) C=5
• copper-shouldered oval sedge (Carex bicknellii)—C=8
• coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• corn speedwell Veronica arvensis NON-NATIVE C=0
• cow parsnip (Heracleum maximum) C=5
• cow vetch (Vicia cracca) C=0
• cowbane (Oxypolis rigidior) C=8
• cream wild indigo (Baptisia bracteata) C=10
• creeping charlie (Glechoma hederacea) NON-NATIVE C=0
• creeping smartweed (Persicaria longiseta) NON-NATIVE C=0
• crested oval sedge (Carex cristatella) C=4
• crested wood fern (Dryopteris cristata)​ C=10
• crown vetch (Securigera varia) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Culver's root (Veronicastrum virginicum) C=8
• cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum) C=5
• curly-styled wood sedge (Carex rosea) C=5
• curly dock (Rumex crispus​) NON-NATIVE C=0
• cut-leaved grape fern (Sceptridium dissectum) C=5
• cylindrical blazing star (Liatris cylindracea) C=10
• dahurian bush clover (Lespedeza davurica) NON-NATIVE C=0
• daisy fleabane (Erigeron strigosus) C=5
• dames rocket (Hesperis matronalis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• dark-scaled sedge (Carex buxbaumii) C=10
• dark green rush (Scirpus atrovirens) C=4
• Deam's rosinweed (Silphium integrifolium var. deamii) C=5
• deptford pink (Dianthus armeria) NON-NATIVE C=0
• dinky duckweed (Lemna minuta) C=5
• ditch stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides) C=4
• dog fennel (Anthemis cotula) NON-NATIVE C=0
• dotted hawthorn (Crataegus punctata) C=4
• dovesfoot cranesbill (Geranium columbinum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• downy American hop (Humulus lupulus var. pubescens) C=3
• downy chess (Bromus tectorum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• downy germander (Teucrium canadense var. occidentale) C=3
• downy hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) C=​2
• downy lens grass (Paspalum setaceum var. stramineum) C=​3
• downy rattlesnake plantain (Goodyera pubescens) C=​10
• downy sunflower (Helianthus mollis) C=​9
• downy yellow painted cup †† (Castilleja sessiliflora) C=​10
• Drummond's aster (Symphyotrichum drummondii) C=​3
• Dudley's rush (Juncus dudleyi) C=​2
• Dutchman's breeches (Dicentra cucullaria) C=​7
• dwarf dandelion (Krigia virginica) C=4
• dwarf plantain (Plantago virginica) C=0
• early buttercup (Ranunculus fascicularis​) C=6
• early figwort (Scrophularia lanceolata) C=4
• early goldenrod (Solidago juncea) C=3
• early horse gentian (Triosteum aurantiacum) C=5
• early low blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) C=6
• early oak sedge (Carex umbellata) C=7
• early wild rose (Rosa blanda) C=4
• eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) C=0
• eastern juneberry (Amelanchier arborea) C=8
• eastern miterwort (Mitella diphylla) C=10
• eastern prairie fringed orchid * †† (Platanthera leucophaea) C=10
• eastern prickly pear (Opuntia cespitosa) C=4
• eastern sand sedge (Cyperus liculmis) C=5
• eastern tall anemone (Anemone virginiana) C=5
• ebony spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron) C=3
• elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) C=4
• elm-leaved goldenrod (Solidago ulmifolia) C=5
• enchanter's nightshade (Circaea canadensis) C=3
• English plantain (Plantago lanceolata) NON-NATIVE C=0
• expressway sedge (Carex praegracilis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• fall witch grass (Leptoloma cognata) C=1
• false aster (Boltonia asteroides) C=8
• false boneset (Brickellia eupatorioides var. corymbulosa) C=6
• false dandelion (Krigia biflora) C=9
• false mermaid (Floerkea proserpinacoides) C=7​
• false pennyroyal (Isanthus brachiatus) C=7
• false sunflower (Heliopsis helianthoides) C=7
• false toadflax (Comandra umbellata) C=9
• fame flower (Phemeranthus rugospermus) C=10
• feathery false Solomon's seal (Smilacina racemosa) C=5
• fen betony (Pedicularis lanceolata) C=10
• fen loosestrife (Lysimachia quadriflora) C=10
• fen thistle (Cirsium muticum)  C=9
• fescue oval sedge (Carex festucacea) C=9
• field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) C=0
• field milkwort (Polygala sanguinea) C=4
• field oval sedge (Carex molesta) C=2
• field sorrel (Rumex acetosella) NON-NATIVE C=0
• field thistle (Cirsium arvense) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium) C=6
• flat-topped aster (Doellingeria umbellata) C=8
• flax-leaved aster (Ionactis linariifolia) C=10
• floating manna grass (Glyceria septentrionalis) C=8
• florists wood fern (Dryopteris intermedia) C=9
• flower-of-an-hour (Hibiscus trionum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• flowering spurge (Euphorbia corollata) C=4
• forked aster † (Eurybia furcata) C=10
• four-angled cat brier (Smilax rotundifolia) C=5
• foxglove beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis) C=4
• fragrant sumac  (Rhus aromatica) C=9
• fringed brome (Bromus ciliatus) C=10
• fringed gentian (Gentianopsis crinita) C=9
• fringed loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata) C=7
• fringed puccoon (Lithospermum incisum) C=10
• frosted hawthorn (Crataegus pruinosa) C=5
• garden ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) NON-NATIVE C=0
• garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) NON-NATIVE C=0
• giant foxtail (Setaria faberi​) NON-NATIVE C=0
• giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) C=0
• ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) C=10
• glade mallow (Napaea dioica) C=4
• goat's rue (Tephrosia virginiana) C=8
• golden-seeded spikerush (Eleocharis elliptica) C=10​
• golden Alexanders (Zizia aurea) C=5
• grandpa hawkweed (Hieracium longipilum) C=7​
• grass-leaved rush (Juncus marginatus) C=9
• grass of parnassus (Parnassia glauca) C=10
• grass sedge (Carex jamesii) C=5
• gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa) C=1​
• great angelica (Angelica atropurpurea) C=7
• great blue lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica) C=4
• great bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) C=3
• great chickweed †† (Stellaria pubera) C=10
• great Indian plantain (Arnoglossum reniforme) C=10
• great plains lady's tresses (Spiranthes magnicamporum) C=8
• great St. Johns wort (Hypericum ascyron) C=10
• great water dock (Rumex orbiculatus) C=8
• great white lettuce (Prenanthes crepidinea) C=9
• green ash (Fraxinus lanceolata) C=1
• green dragon (Arisaema dracontium) C=6
• green duckweed (Lemna minor) C=5
• green fowl manna grass (Glyceria striata) C=4
• green foxtail (Setaria viridis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• green twayblade (Liparis loeselii) C=4
• Greene's rush (Juncus greenei) C=8
• grooved yellow flax (Linum sulcatum) C=10
• ground nut (Apios americana) C=5
• gum plant (Grindelia squarrosa) NON-NATIVE C=0
• hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• hair sedge (Bulbostylis capillaris) C=3
• hairy aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum) C=0
• hairy beard tongue (Penstemon hirsutus) C=9
• hairy dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) C=6
• hairy-fruited lake sedge (Carex trichocarpa) C=5​
• hairy grama (Bouteloua hirsuta) C=5
• hairy grass-leaved goldenrod (Euthamia nuttallii) C=3
• hairy ground cherry (Physalis pubescens) NON-NATIVE C=0
• hairy hawkweed (Hieracium gronovii) C=8
• hairy lens grass (Paspalum setaceum var. muehlenbergii) C=3
• hairy mayflower (Maianthemum canadense var. interius) C=7
• hairy pinweed (Lechea mucronata) C=7
• hairy puccoon (Lithospermum croceum) C=8
• hairy sweet Cicely (Osmorhiza claytonii) C=4
• hairy white vervain (Verbena urticifolia) C=2
• hairy wild licorice (Galium circaezans var. hypomalacum) C=5
• hairy wood sedge (Carex hirtifolia) C=5
• Halberd-leaved rose mallow (Hibiscus laevis) C=7
• hard-stemmed bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus) C=5
• heart-leaved burhead (Echinodorus berteroi var. lanceolatus) C=4
• heart-leaved meadow parsnip (Zizia aptera) C=10
• heart-leaved skullcap (Scutellaria ovata) C=9
• heart-leaved willow (Salix eriocephala) C=5
• heath aster (Symphyotrichum ericoides) C=6
• hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium) C=1
• hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale​) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• highbush blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis) C=3
• hills oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis) C=4
• Hill's thistle (Cirsium hillii) C=10
• hispid sunflower (Helianthus hirsutus) C=7
• hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana) NON-NATIVE C=0
• hoary puccoon (Lithospermum canescens) C=8
• hoary vervain (Verbena stricta) C=4
• homeless knotweed (Polygonum achoreum) C=0
• honewort​ (Cryptotaenia canadensis) C=4
• honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) C=1
• hooded violet (Viola cucullata) C=9
• hooked buttercup (Ranunculus recurvatus) C=5
• hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) C=5
• hop sand sedge (Cyperus lupulinus) C=4
• horse mint (Monarda punctata) C=4
• horse nettle (Solanum carolinense) NON-NATIVE C=0
• horsetail (Equisetum arvense)  C=0
• hounds tongue (Cynoglossum ocinale) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Hungarian brome (Bromus inermis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• hybrid crack willow (Salix rubens) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Illinois bundle flower (Desmanthus illinoensis) C=3
• Illinois tick trefoil (Desmodium illinoense) C=9
• Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) C=5
• Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata) C=5
• indigo bush (Amorpha fruticosa) C=5
• inland rush (Juncus interior) C=4
• interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana) C=8
• Iowa crab apple (Malus ioensis) C=4
• ivy-leaved morning glory (Ipomea hederacea) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) C=5
• Jacob's Ladder (Polemonium reptans) C=8
• Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Japanese chess (Bromus japonicus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) C=3
• jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) NON-NATIVE C=0
• June grass (Koeleria macrantha)  C=8
• Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• kitten tails † (Besseya bullii) C=10
• knee grass (Panicum dichotomiflorum) C=0
• lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina) C=8
• ​ladys thumb (Persicaria maculosa) NON-NATIVE C=0
• lance-leaved violet (Viola lanceolata) C=7
• large-flowered beardtongue †† (Penstemon grandiflorus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• large-fruited pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) NON-NATIVE C=0
• late boneset (Eupatorium serotinum) C=0
• late figwort (Scrophularia marilandica) C=4
• late goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) C=4
• late horse gentian  (Triosteum perfoliatum) C=4
• lead plant (Amorpha  canescens) C=10
• leafy bramble (Rubus frondosus) C=4
• leafy satin grass (Muhlenbergia frondosa) C=2
• leafy spurge (Euphorbia virgata) NON-NATIVE C=0
• lesser marsh bellflower (Campanula aparinoides) C=9
• lesser partridge pea (Chamaecrista nictitans) C=7
• lions tail (Chaiturus marrubiastrum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) C=5
• lobed blue violet (Viola subsinuata) C=5
• long-awned bracted sedge (Carex gravida) C=​3
• long-beaked sedge (Carex sprengelii) C=8
• long-leaved bluets (Houstonia longifolia) C=10
• long-leaved stitchwort (Stellaria longifolia) C=8
• long-scaled nut sedge (Cyperus strigosus) C=1
• long-scaled tussock sedge (Carex haydenii) C=5
• long-stalked panic grass (Dichanthelium perlongum) C=10
• loose-headed bracted sedge (Carex sparganioides) C=5
• lopseed (Phyrma leptostachya) C=6
• low juneberry (Amelanchier humilis) C=7
• low mallow (Malva pusilla) NON-NATIVE C=0
• lowland hog peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata var. comosa) C=5
• mad-dog skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) C=4
• maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum) C=10
• maple-leaved goosefoot (Chenopodium simplex) C=4
• marijuana (Cannabis sativa) NON-NATIVE C=0
• marsh bluegrass (Poa palustris) C=7
• marsh cress (Rorippa palustris var. fernaldiana) C=2
• marsh fleabane (Erigeron philadelphicus) C=4
• marsh hedge nettle (Stachys hispida) C=5
• marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) C=8
• marsh purslane (Ludwigia palustris var. americana) C=3
• marsh shield fern (Thelypteris palustris)​ C=7
• marsh St. Johnswort (Triadenum fraseri) C=​8
• marsh vetchling (Lathyrus palustris) C=8
• marsh wild timothy (Muhlenbergia glomerata) C=10
• Maryland senna (Senna marilandica) C=9
• Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) C=4​​
• meadow anemone (Anemone canadensis) C=4

Common Name (Genus species)—Conservation coefficient

• meadow willow (Salix petiolaris) C=7
• meadowsweet (Spiraea alba) C=5
• Mead's stiff sedge  (Carex meadii) C=10
• Michigan lily (Lilium michiganense) C=8
• Missouri goldenrod (Solidago missouriensis) C=9
• Missouri goosefoot (Chenopodium missouriense) C=1
• Missouri wild gooseberry (Ribes missouriense) C=2​
• monkey flower (Mimulus ringens) C=4
• moonseed (Menispermum canadense) C=5
• moth mullein (Verbascum blattaria) NON-NATIVE C=0
• motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) NON-NATIVE C=0
• mouse-ear chickweed (Cerastium fontanum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• mullein foxglove (Dasistoma macrophylla) C=8
• multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora​) NON-NATIVE C=0
• musk thistle (Carduus nutans) NON-NATIVE C=0
• NA (Atrichum angustatum) NA
• NA (Cladonia furcata) NA
• NA (Lespedeza capitata X leptostachya) NON-NATIVE NA
• NA (Leucobryum glucum) NON-NATIVE NA
• NA (Ricciocarpos natans) NA
• NA (Woodsia ilvensis) C=10
• nannyberry (Viburnum lentago) C=4
• narrow-leaved cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium) 
  C=10
• narrow-leaved oval sedge (Carex tenera) C=8
• narrow-leaved vervain (Verbena simplex) C=4
• New England aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) C=3
• New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) C=8
• nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi) C=0
• ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) C=5
• nodding bur-marigold (Bidens cernua) C=3
• nodding fescue (Festuca subverticillata) C=5
• nodding lady's tresses (Spiranthes cernua) C=4
• nodding wild onion (Allium cernuum) C=7
• northern bedstraw (Galium boreale) C=10
• northern bog orchid (Platanthera aquilonis)​ C=10
• northern bog violet (Viola nephrophylla) C=9
• northern bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus) C=4
• northern cigar tree (Catalpa speciosa) NON-NATIVE C=0
• northern rose mallow (Hibiscus palustris) C=7
• northern slender ladys tresses (Spiranthes lacera) C=5​
• obedient plant (Physostegia virginiana) C=4
• Ohio Goldenrod (Oligoneuron ohioense) C=10
• Ohio horse mint (Blephilia ciliata) C=7
• old-eld balsam (Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium) C=2
• old field goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis) C=3
• old witch grass (Panicum capillare) C=0
• Ontario aster (Symphyotrichum ontarionis) C=5
• orange daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) NON-NATIVE C=0
• orangegrass (Hypericum gentianoides) C=7
• orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) NON-NATIVE C=0
• osage orange (Maclura pomifera) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• pale beard tongue (Penstemon pallidus) C=9
• pale dock (Rumex altissimus) C=1
• pale Indian plantain (Arnoglossum atriplicifolium)​ C=8
• pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida) C=10
• pale-spiked lobelia (Lobelia spicata) C=4
• pale touch-me-not (Impatiens pallida) C=6
• panicled tick trefoil (Desmodium paniculatum) C=6
• pasqueflower (Pulsatilla patens subsp. multifida) C=10
• pasture rose (Rosa carolina) C=5
• pasture thistle (Cirsium discolor) C=3
• path rush (Juncus tenuis) C=0
• pellitory (Parietaria pensylvanica) C=0
• Pennsylvania bitter cress (Cardamine pensylvanica) C=5​
• perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) NON-NATIVE C=0
• pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) C=9
• pink milkwort †† (Polygala incarnata) C=10
• pinweed rockrose (Crocanthemum bicknellii) C=8
• plains golden aster (Heterotheca camporum) C=10​
• plains oval sedge (Carex brevior) C=3
• pointed leaf tick trefoil (Hylodesmum glutinosum) C=7
• poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans​) C=2
• poke milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) C=10
• pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) C=0
• polypody (Polypodium virginianum) C=10
• poor joe (Plantago aristata) NON-NATIVE C=0
• porcupine grass (Hesperostipa spartea) C=8
• porcupine sedge (Carex hystericina) C=7
• poverty oat grass (Danthonia spicata) C=3
• prairie alum root (Heuchera richardsonii) C=10
• prairie blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium campestre) C=10
• prairie brome (Bromus kalmii) C=10
• prairie bush clover * †† (Lespedeza leptostachya) C=10
• prairie cinquefoil (Drymocallis arguta) C=10
• prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) C=4
• prairie coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata) C=10
• prairie dock (Silphium terebinthaceum) C=5
• prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis) C=10
• prairie false dandelion †† (Nothocalais cuspidata) C=10
• prairie false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica var. drummondiana) C=6
• prairie gayfeather (Liatris pycnostachya) C=8
• prairie gentian (Gentiana purberulenta) C=10
• prairie ground cherry (Physalis virginiana) C=4
• prairie Indian plantain (Arnoglossum plantagineum) C=10
• prairie lily (Lilium philadephicum var. andinum) C=10
• prairie loosestrife (Lysimachia lanceolata) C=9
• prairie milkweed (Asclepias sullivantii) C=8
• prairie panic grass (Dichanthelium leibergii) C=10
• prairie parsley (Polytaenia nuttallii) C=10
• prairie petunia (Ruellia humilis) C=8
• prairie ragwort (Packera plattensis) C=4
• prairie smoke (Geum triflorum) C=10
• prairie star sedge (Carex interior) C=​10
• prairie sunflower (Helianthus pauciflorus) C=9
• prairie trillium (Trillium recurvatum) C=5
• prairie tussock sedge (Carex richardsonii) C=10
• prairie violet (Viola pedatifida) C=9
• prairie wedge grass (Sphenopholis obtusata) C=4
• prairie willow (Salix humilis) C=6
• prairie woolly sedge (Carex pellita) C=4
• prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) C=3
• prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola) NON-NATIVE C=0
• prickly smartweed (Persicaria bungeana) NON-NATIVE C=0
• prickly wild gooseberry (Ribes cynosbati) C=5
• purple-sheathed graceful sedge (Carex gracillima) C=7
• purple arrow feather (Aristida purpurascens) C=5
• purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) C=10​
• purple false foxglove (Agalinis purpurea) C=6
• purple giant hyssop (Agastache scrophulariifolia) C=5
• purple henbit (Lamium purpureum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• purple joe pye weed (Eutrochium purpureum) C=6
• purple love grass (Eragrostis spectabilis) C=3
• purple meadow rue (Thalictrum dasycarpum) C=6
• purple milkweed (Asclepias purpurascens) C=8
• purple milkwort (Polygala polygama var. obtusata) C=9
• purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea) C=9
• purple twayblade (Liparis liliifolia) C=4
• purple-sheathed graceful sedge (Carex gracillima) C=7
• purslane (Portulaca oleracea) NON-NATIVE C=0
• purslane speedwell (Veronica peregrina) C=0
• pussytoes (Antennaria plantaginifolia) C=4
• pussy willow (Salix discolor) C=3
• quack grass (Elytrigia repens) NON-NATIVE C=0
• quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) C=3
• Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota) NON-NATIVE C=0
• queen of the prairie † (Filipendula rubra) C=10
• ragged fringed orchid​ (Platanthera lacera) C=7
• rattlebox (Crotalaria sagittatis) C=8
• rattlesnake fern (Botrypus virginianus) C=5
• rattlesnake master (Eryngium yuccifolium) C=9
• red ash​ (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) C=4
• red baneberry (Actaea rubra) C=10​
• red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) C=0
• red clover (Trifolium pratense) NON-NATIVE C=0
• red oak (Quercus rubra) C=5
• red orach (Atriplex rosea) NON-NATIVE C=0
• red raspberry (Rubus strigosus) C=1
• red-rooted spikerush (Eleocharis erythropoda) C=1
• red-stalked plantain (Plantago rugelii) C=0
• red sticks (Cornus sericea) C=5​
• redtop (Agrostis gigantea) NON-NATIVE C=0
• reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) NON-NATIVE C=0
• rice cut grass (Leersia oryzoides) C=3
• Riddell's goldenrod (Oligoneuron riddellii) C=8
• ​​riverbank dock (Rumex verticillatus) C=8
• riverbank grape (Vitis riparia) C=1
• riverbank sedge (Carex emoryi) C=5
• riverbank wild rye (Elymus riparius) C=5
• river bulrush (Bolboschoenus fluviatilis) C=3
• Robin's plantain (Erigeron pulchellus) C=8
• rope dodder (Cuscuta glomerata) C=7
• rosinweed (Silphium integrifolium) C=5
• rough blazing star (Liatris aspera) C=8
• rough cinquefoil (Potentilla norvegica) C=0
• rough clustered sedge (Carex cephaloidea) C=8
• rough dropseed (Sporobolus compositus) C=0
• rough hawkweed (Hieracium scabrum) C=7
• rough marbleseed (Onosmodium molle) C=5
• rough pennyroyal (Hedeoma hispida) C=2
• rough prairie lettuce (Prenanthes aspera) C=10
• round-fruited St. Johnswort (Hypericum sphaerocarpum) C=7
• round-headed bush clover (Lespedeza capitata) C=4
• royal catchfly †† (Silene regia) C=10
• running prairie sedge (Carex sartwellii) C=8
• running savanna sedge (Carex siccata) C=7
• Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) NON-NATIVE C=0
• rusty sweetbrier (Rosa rubiginosa) NON-NATIVE C=0
• sand bracted sedge (Carex muehlenbergii) C=4
• sand clubmoss (Selaginella rupestris) C=10
• sand coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) C=8
• sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus) C=3
• sand evening primrose (Oenothera clelandii) C=5
• sand goats beard (Tragopogon dubius) NON-NATIVE C=0
• sand milkweed, clasping milkweed (Asclepias amplexicaulis) C=4
• sand phlox (Phlox bifida) C=8
• sand prairie phlox (Phlox pilosa) C=8
• sand St. Johnswort (Hypericum majus) C=5
• sandbar willow (Salix interior) C=2
• savanna blazing star (Liatris scariosa var. nieuwlandii) C=9
• Sawtooth Sunflower (Helianthus grosseserratus) C=4
• scarlet hawthorn (Crataegus coccinea) C=5​
• scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) C=5
• Scribner's panic grass (Dichanthelium scribnerianum) C=4
• seed box (Ludwigia alternifolia) C=6
• sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis) C=5
• sericea (Lespedeza cuneata) NON-NATIVE C=0
• shagbark hickory (Carya ovata) C=5
• sharp-lobed hepatica (Hepatica acutiloba) C=8
• shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) NON-NATIVE C=0
• shining aster (Symphyotrichum firmum) C=7
• shining bedstraw (Galium concinnum) C=7
• shining cockspur hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galli) C=3
• shooting star (Dodecatheon meadia) C=6
• short-awned wood grass (Brachyelytrum erectum) C=9
• short-headed bracted sedge (Carex cephalophora) C=5
• short green milkweed (Asclepias viridiflora) C=10
• short's aster (Symphyotrichum shortii) C=7
• showy blue lettuce (Mulgedium pulchellum) C=0
• showy fly honeysuckle (Lonicera x bella) NON-NATIVE C=0
• showy goldenrod (Solidago speciosa) C=8
• showy orchid (Galearis spectabilis) C=10
• showy tick trefoil (Desmodium canadense) C=4
• Siberian cranesbill (Geranium sibiricum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) NON-NATIVE C=0
• sicklepod (Boechera canadensis) C=10​
• side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) C=8
• sidewalk knotweed (Polygonum arenastrum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• silky aster (Symphyotrichum sericeum) C=10
• silky wild rye (Elymus villosus) C=5
• silver maple (Acer saccharinum) C=1
• silvery cinquefoil (Potentilla argentea) NON-NATIVE C=0
• six-weeks fescue (Vulpia octoflora) C=1
• skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) C=8
• sky-blue aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense) C=8
• sleepy catchfly (Silene antirrhina) C=1
• slender bush clover (Lespedeza virginica) C=7
• slender false foxglove (Agalinis tenuifolia) C=3
• slender-leaved pinweed (Lechea tenuifolia) C=10
• slender mountain mint (Pycnanthemum tenuifolium) C=7
• slender wedge grass (Sphenopholis intermedia) C=3
• slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) C=4
• small-flowered buttercup (Ranunculus abortivus​) C=1
• small-seeded fox sedge (Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa) C=3
• small pinweed (Lechea minor) C=8
• small skullcap (Scutellaria parvula) C=8
• small wild bean (Strophostyles leiosperma) C=6
• smooth bank cress (Boechera laevigata) C=8
• smooth blue aster (Symphyotrichum laeve) C=9
• smooth clustered sedge (Carex aggregata) C=4
• smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• smooth grass-leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia) C=4
• smooth indian hemp (Apocynum sibiricum) C=2
• smooth meadow rue (Thalictrum dasycarpum var. hypoglaucum​) C=6
• smooth panic grass (Dichanthelium lindheimeri) C=8
• smooth scouring rush (Equisetum laevigatum) C=​3
• smooth-sheathed fox sedge (Carex laevivaginata) C=9​
• smooth Solomon's seal (Polygonatum biflorum) C=4
• smooth sumac (Rhus glabra) C=1
• smooth sweet cicely (Osmorhiza longistylis) C=5
• smooth tick trefoil (Desmodium glabellum) C=10
• smooth yellow violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula) C=5
• sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale) C=5
• snowy campion (Silene nivea​) C=10
• soapwort (Saponaria ocinalis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• soapwort Gentian (Gentiana saponaria) C=10
• soft agrimony (Agrimonia pubescens) C=6
• southern slender ladys tresses (Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis) C=5
• soybean (Glycine max) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• spinulose shield fern (Dryopteris carthusiana) C=8
• spotted Joe-pye weed (Eutrochium maculatum) C=5
• spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos) NON-NATIVE C=0
• spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum) C=4
• spotted touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis) C=4
• spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) C=5
• spreading oval sedge (Carex normalis) C=5
• spring beauty (Claytonia virginica) C=4
• squirrel-tail barley (Hordeum jubatum) C=​0
• star of bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• starry campion (Silene stellata) C=6
• starry false Solomon's seal (Smilacina stellata) C=5
• starved panic grass (Dichanthelium depauperatum) C=6
• stickseed (Hackelia virginiana) C=1
• stiff aster (Oligoneuron album) C=10
• stiff gentian (Gentianella quinquefolia subsp. occidentalis) C=8
• stiff goldenrod (Oligoneuron rigidum) C=3
• stiff sandwort (Minuartia michauxii) C=10
• stink grass (Eragrostis cilianensis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• stout blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium) C=5
• straw-stemmed tickseed (Bidens comosa) C=3
• streambank chervil (Chaerophyllum procumbens) C=5
• sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta) NON-NATIVE C=0
• swamp agrimony (Agrimonia parviflora) C=4
• swamp crowfoot (Ranunculus septentrionalis) C=5
• swamp false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica) C=5
• swamp goldenrod (Solidago patula) C=9
• swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) C=3
• swamp saxifrage (Micranthes pensylvanica) C=10
• sweet-scented bedstraw (Galium triflorum) C=​5
• sweet black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia subtomentosa) C=8
• sweet grass (Hierochloe hirta)​ C=10
• sweet Indian plantain (Hasteola suaveolens)​ C=10
• sweet william phlox (Phlox maculata)​ C=10
• switch grass (Panicum virgatum) C=3
• sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) C=5
• tailed wild ginger (Asarum canadense) C=10
• tall agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala) C=2
• tall beggars ticks (Bidens vulgata) C=0
• tall bellflower (Campanulastrum americanum) C=4
• tall boneset (Eupatorium altissimum) C=0
• tall coreopsis (Coreopsis tripteris) C=5
• tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• tall forked chickweed (Paronychia canadensis) C=7
• tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) C=1
• tall green milkweed (Asclepias hirtella) C=10
• tall ground cherry (Physalis longifolia) C=0
• tall horseweed (Conyza canadensis) C=​0
• tall nettle (Urtica gracilis) C=1
• tall scouring rush (Equisetum hyemale) C=​1
• tall water parsnip (Sium suave)​ C=7
• tall wood sorrel (Oxalis stricta) C=0
• thimbleweed (Anemone cylindrica)​ C=8​
• thinleaf sunflower (Helianthus decapetalus)​ C=8
• three-seeded mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea)​ C=0
• thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia) NON-NATIVE C=0
• tickle grass (Agrostis hyemalis) C=3
• timothy (Phleum pratense) NON-NATIVE C=0
• toothed cress (Boechera dentata) C=8
• toothed spurge (Euphorbia dentata) C=0
• toothwort (Dentaria laciniata) C=5​
• Torrey's Rush (Juncus torreyi) C=2
• tower mustard (Turritis glabra) C=1
• trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• tufted loosestrife (Lysimachia thrysiflora) C=8
• tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum​) NON-NATIVE C=0
• turtlehead (Chelone glabra) C=8
• upland hog peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata) C=5
• upright carrion flower (Smilax ecirrhata​) C=5
• velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) NON-NATIVE C=0
• violet wood-sorrel (Oxalis violacea) C=​8
• Virginia bluebells (Mertensia virginica) C=5
• Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) C=4
• Virginia waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum) C=5
• Virginia wild rye (Elymus virginicus) C=3
• Virgin's bower (Clematis virginiana) C=4
• viscid grass-leaved goldenrod (Euthamia gymnospermoides) C=4
• wafer ash (Ptelea trifoliata) C=4
• walking fern (Asplenium rhizophyllum) C=10
• water hemlock (Cicuta maculata) C=6
• water smartweed (Persicaria coccinea) C=4
• water speedwell (Veronica catenata var. glandulosa) C=9
• weak St. Johns wort (Hypericum mutilum) C=9
• wedge-fruited oval sedge (Carex suberecta) C=8
• western Canada violet (Viola canadensis var. rugulosa) C=10
• western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) C=0
• western sunflower (Helianthus occidentalis) C=10
• wheat (Triticum aestivum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• white ash (Fraxinus americana) C=5
• ​white avens (Geum canadense) C=1
• white baneberry (Actaea pachypoda) C=8
• white bedstraw (Galium album) NON-NATIVE C=0
• white campion (Silene latifolia​) NON-NATIVE C=0
• white clover (Trifolium repens​) NON-NATIVE C=0
• white forget-me-not (Myosotis verna) C=1
• white grass (Leersia virginica) C=5
• white-haired panic grass (Dichanthelium pseudopubescens) C=5
• white lettuce (Prenanthes alba) C=5
• white oak (Quercus alba) C=5
• white pine (Pinus strobus) C=10
• white prairie clover (Dalea candida) C=10
• white sage (Artemisia ludoviciana) NON-NATIVE C=0
• white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) C=3
• white sweet clover (Melilotus albus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• white trout lily (Erythronium albidum) C=5
• white wild indigo (Baptisia lactea) C=8
• whorled loosestrife (Lysimachia quadrifolia) C=10
• whorled milkweed (Asclepias verticillata) C=1
• whorled milkwort (Polygala verticillata var. isocycla) C=7
• wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) C=4
• wild black cherry (Prunus serotina) C=0
• wild black currant (Ribes americanum​) C=4
• wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) C=6
• wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata) C=4
• wild four o'clock (Mirabilis nyctaginea) NON-NATIVE C=0
• wild geranium (Geranium maculatum) C=5
• wild golden glow (Rudbeckia laciniata) C=4
• wild hyacinth (Camassia scilloides) C=7
• wild leek (Allium tricoccum) C=9
• wild lettuce (Lactuca canadensis) C=1
• wild lupine (Lupinus perennis var. occidentalis) C=7
• wild madder (Galium obtusum) C=​5
• wild mint (Mentha canadensis) C=5
• wild onion (Allium canadense) C=3
• wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• wild plum (Prunus americana) C=3
• wild quinine (Parthenium integrifolium) C=8
• wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis) C=8
• wild senna (Senna hebecarpa) C=9
• wild strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) C=0
• wild sweet potato​ (Ipomoea pandurata) C=4
• wild velcro (Galium aparine) C=0
• wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) C=5
• willow aster (Symphyotrichum praealtum) C=7
• winged loosestrife (Lythrum alatum) C=7
• wingstem (Verbesina alternifolia) C=5
• wiry knotweed (Polygonum tenue) C=5
• wiry spikerush (Eleocharis verrucosa) C=​8
• wood anemone (Anemone quinquefolia) C=7
• wood betony (Pedicularis canadensis) C=9
• wood gray sedge (Carex grisea) C=3
• wood lettuce (Lactuca floridana) C=8
• wood nettle (Laportea canadensis) C=5
• wood sandwort (Moehringia lateriflora) C=8
• wood satin grass (Muhlenbergia mexicana) C=5
• wood self heal (Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata) C=1
• woodland brome (Bromus pubescens) C=​10
• woodland fragile fern (Cystopteris protrusa) C=​8
• woodland goosefoot (Chenopodium standleyanum) C=5
• woodland phlox (Phlox divaricata) C=5
• woodland sunflower (Helianthus divaricatus) C=5
• woodland water pepper (Persicaria hydropiper) C=2
• woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus) C=6
• woolly cat's foot (Antennaria neglecta) C=3
• woolly panic grass (Dichanthelium villosissimum) C=8
• woolly plantain (Plantago patagonica) NON-NATIVE C=0
• woundwort (Stachys pilosa) C=5
• yellow avens (Geum aleppicum) C=3
• yellow coneflower (Ratibida pinnata) C=4
• yellow false foxglove (Aureolaria grandiflora var. pulchra) C=10
• yellow field hawkweed (Hieracium caespitosum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila) NON-NATIVE C=0
• yellow giant hyssop (Agastache nepetoides) C=5
• yellow honeysuckle (Lonicera reticulata) C=8
• yellow hop clover (Trifolium aureum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• yellow monkey flower (Mimulus glabratus jamesii) C=10
• yellow pimpernel (Taenidia integerrima) C=10
• yellow star grass (Hypoxis hirsuta) C=8
• yellow sweet clover (Melilotus ocinalis) NON-NATIVE C=0
• yellow water crowfoot (Ranunculus flabellaris​) C=5
• yellowish gentian (Gentiana alba) C=9

​UPDATED 02/2025