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Plants of Nachusa Grasslands

Native Plant Species
The preserve is home to over 700 native plant species. Our plant inventory includes not only the scientific and common names, but also a plant's coefficient of conservatism value. The nomenclature and coefficient of conservatism (C value) follow:  Wilhelm & Rericha 2016. Flora of Chicago. NA values are moss or liverworts, not included in Flora of Chicago. The coefficient of conservatism assigns each native species a number from 0 to 10. The coefficient of conservatism (C) expresses the confidence that a plant specimen was found in a remnant natural plant community, a “0” expressing no confidence and a “10” expressing total confidence.
​
Download a pdf of this webpage: Plants of Nachusa Inventory

​  *Federally Threatened Species
**Federally Endangered Species
​  †State Threatened Species
††State Endangered Species

Plants listed by Genus species
Genus species (Common Name)—Conservation coefficient
  • Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) NON-NATIVE  C=0
  • Acalypha rhomboidea (three-seeded mercury) C=0
  • Acer negundo (boxelder) C=0
  • Acer nigrum (black maple) C=5
  • Acer saccharinum (silver maple) C=1
  • Achillea millefolium (common yarrow) C=0
  • Acorus americanus (American sweet flag) C=9
  • Actaea pachypoda (white baneberry) C=8
  • Actaea rubra (red baneberry) C=10
  • Adiantum pedatum (maidenhair fern) C=10
  • Agalinis purpurea (purple false foxglove) C=6
  • Agalinis tenuifolia (slender false foxglove) C=3
  • Agastache nepetoides (yellow giant hyssop) C=5
  • Agastache scrophulariifolia (purple giant hyssop) C=5
  • Ageratina altissima (white snakeroot) C=3
  • Agrimonia gryposepala (tall agrimony) C=2
  • Agrimonia parviflora (swamp agrimony) C=4
  • Agrimonia pubescens (soft agrimony) C=6
  • Agrostis gigantea (redtop) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Agrostis hyemalis (tickle grass) C=3
  • Ajuga reptans (carpet bugle) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Alisma subcordatum (common water plantain) C=3
  • Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Allium burdickii (Chicago leek) C=7
  • Allium canadense (wild onion) C=3
  • Allium cernuum (nodding wild onion) C=7
  • Allium tricoccum (wild leek) C=9
  • Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) C=0
  • Ambrosia psilostachya (western ragweed) C=0
  • Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) C=0
  • Amelanchier arborea (eastern Juneberry) C=8
  • Amelanchier humilis (low Juneberry) C=7
  • Amelanchier laevis (allegheny Juneberry) C=7
  • Amorpha canescens (lead plant) C=10
  • Amorpha fruticosa (indigo bush) C=5
  • Amphicarpaea bracteata (upland hog peanut) C=5
  • Amphicarpaea bracteata var. comosa (lowland hog peanut) C=5
  • Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) C=5
  • Anemone canadensis (meadow anemone) C=4
  • Anemone caroliniana (Carolina anemone) C=10
  • Anemone cylindrica (thimbleweed) C=8
  • Anemone quinquefolia (wood anemone) C=7
  • Anemone virginiana (eastern tall anemone) C=5
  • Angelica atropurpurea (great angelica) C=7
  • Antennaria neglecta (woolly cats foot) C=3
  • Antennaria plantaginifolia (pussytoes) C=4
  • Antenoron virginianum (jumpseed) C=4
  • Anthemis cotula (dog fennel) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Apios americana (ground nut) C=5
  • Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane) C=5
  • Apocynum cannabinum (hairy dogbane) C=6
  • Apocynum sibiricum (smooth Indian hemp) C=2
  • Aquilegia canadensis (wild columbine) C=6
  • Aralia nudicaulis (wild sarsaparilla) C=8
  • Arctium minus (common burdock) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Arisaema dracontium (green dragon) C=6
  • Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-pulpit) C=5
  • Aristida purpurascens (purple arrow feather) C=5
  • Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (pale Indian plantain) C=8
  • Arnoglossum plantagineum (prairie Indian plantain) C=10
  • Arnoglossum reniforme (great Indian plantain) C=10
  • Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) C=7
  • Artemisia campestris subsp. caudata (beach wormwood) C=5
  • Artemisia ludoviciana (white sage) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Asarum canadense (tailed wild ginger) C=10
  • Asclepias amplexicaulis (sand milkweed) C=4
  • Asclepias exaltata (poke milkweed) C=10 
  • Asclepias hirtella (tall green milkweed) C=10
  • Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed) C=3
  • Asclepias purpurascens (purple milkweed) C=8
  • Asclepias sullivantii (prairie milkweed) C=8
  • Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) C=0
  • Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed) C=8
  • Asclepias verticillata (whorled milkweed) C=1
  • Asclepias viridiflora (short green milkweed) C=10
  • Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Asplenium platyneuron (ebony spleenwort) C=3
  • Asplenium rhizophyllum (walking fern) C=10
  • Astragalus canadensis (Canadian milkvetch) C=8
  • Athyrium filix-femina (lady fern) C=8
  • Atrichum angustatum NA
  • Atriplex rosea (red orach) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Aureolaria grandiflora var. pulchra (yellow false foxglove) C=10
  • Aureolaria pedicularia (clammy false foxglove) C=7
  • Baptisia lactea (white wild indigo) C=8
  • Baptisia leucophaea (cream wild indigo) C=10
  • Barbarea vulgaris (common yellow rocket) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Berteroa incana (hoary alyssum) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Besseya bullii † (kitten tails) C=10
  • Bidens cernua (nodding bur marigold) C=3
  • Bidens comosa (straw-stemmed tickseed) C=3
  • Bidens frondosa (common beggar ticks) C=1
  • Bidens vulgata (tall beggars ticks) C=0
  • Blephilia ciliata (Ohio horse mint) C=7
  • Boechera canadensis (sicklepod) C=10
  • Boechera dentata (toothed cress) C=8
  • Boechera laevigata (smooth bank cress) C=8
  • Boehmeria cylindrica (swamp false nettle) C=5
  • Boehmeria cylindrica var. drummondiana (prairie false nettle) C=6
  • Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (river bulrush) C=3
  • Bolboschoenus maritimus (alkali bulrush) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Boltonia asteroides (false aster) C=8
  • Botrypus virginianus (rattlesnake fern) C=5
  • Bouteloua curtipendula (side-oats grama) C=8
  • Bouteloua hirsuta (hairy grama) C=5
  • Brachyelytrum erectum (short-awned wood grass) C=9
  • Brickellia eupatorioides var. corymbulosa (false boneset) C=6
  • Bromus ciliatus (fringed brome) C=10
  • Bromus inermis (Hungarian brome) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Bromus japonicus (Japanese chess) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Bromus kalmii (prairie brome) C=10
  • Bromus pubescens (woodland brome) C=10
  • Bromus tectorum (downy chess) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Bulbostylis capillaris (hair sedge) C=3
  • Calamagrostis canadensis (blue joint grass) C=6
  • Callirhoe triangulata (clustered poppy mallow) C=8
  • Caltha palustris (marsh marigold) C=8
  • Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed) C=1
  • Camassia scilloides (wild hyacinth) C=7
  • Campanula aparinoides (lesser marsh bellflower) C=9
  • Campanulastrum americanum (tall bellflower) C=4
  • Campsis radicans (trumpet creeper) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Cannabis sativa (marijuana) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Cardamine bulbosa (bulbous cress) C=7
  • Cardamine pensylvanica (Pennsylvania bitter cress) C=5
  • Carduus nutans (musk thistle) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Carex aggregata (smooth clustered sedge) C=4
  • Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa (small-seeded fox sedge) C=3
  • Carex bicknellii (copper-shouldered oval sedge) C=8
  • Carex blanda (common wood sedge) C=1
  • Carex brevior (plains oval sedge) C=3
  • Carex buxbaumii (dark-scaled sedge) C=10
  • Carex cephaloidea (rough-clustered sedge) C=8
  • Carex cephalophora (short-headed bracted sedge) C=5
  • Carex comosa (bristly sedge) C=5
  • Carex cristatella (crested oval sedge) C=4
  • Carex emoryi (riverband sedge) C=5
  • Carex festucacea (fescue oval sedge) C=9
  • Carex frankii (bristly cattail sedge) C=4
  • Carex gracillima (purple-sheathed graceful sedge) C=7
  • Carex gravida (long-awned bracted sedge) C=3
  • Carex grisea (wood gray sedge) C=3
  • Carex haydenii (long-scaled tussock sedge) C=5
  • Carex hirtifolia (hairy wood sedge) C=5
  • Carex hystericina (porcupine sedge) C=7
  • Carex interior (prairie star sedge) C=10
  • Carex jamesii (grass sedge) C=5
  • Carex lacustris (common lake sedge) C=5
  • Carex laevivaginata (smooth-sheathed fox sedge) C=9
  • Carex lupulina (common hop sedge) C=6
  • Carex meadii (Mead's stiff sedge) C=10
  • Carex molesta (field oval sedge) C=2
  • Carex muehlenbergii (sand bracted sedge) C=4
  • Carex normalis (spreading oval sedge) C=5
  • Carex pellita (prairie woolly sedge) C=4
  • Carex pensylvanica (common oak sedge) C=5
  • Carex praegracilis (expressway sedge) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Carex richardsonii (prairie tussock sedge) C=10
  • Carex rosea (curly-styled wood sedge) C=5
  • Carex sartwellii (running prairie sedge) C=8
  • Carex scoparia (broom oval sedge) C=5
  • Carex siccata (running savanna sedge) C=7
  • Carex sparganioides (loose-headed bracted sedge) C=5
  • Carex sprengelii (long-beaked sedge) C=8
  • Carex stipata (common fox sedge) C=4
  • Carex stricta (common tussock sedge) C=5
  • Carex suberecta (wedge-fruited oval sedge) C=8
  • Carex tenera (narrow-leaved oval sedge) C=8
  • Carex tetanica (common stiff sedge) C=7
  • Carex tribuloides (awl-fruited oval sedge) C=7
  • Carex trichocarpa (hairy-fruited lake sedge) C=5
  • Carex umbellata (early oak sedge) C=7
  • Carex utriculata (common yellow lake sedge) C=8
  • Carex vulpinoidea (brown fox sedge) C=2
  • Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana (blue beech) C=8
  • Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory) C=5
  • Carya ovata (shagbark hickory) C=5
  • Castilleja sessiliflora †† (downy yellow painted cup) C=10
  • Catalpa speciosa (northern cigar tree) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Caulophyllum thalictroides (blue cohosh​) C=8
  • Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea) C=8
  • Celastrus scandens (climbing bittersweet) C=4
  • Celtis occidentalis (hackberry) C=2
  • Cenchrus longispinus (common sandbur) C=0
  • Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (spotted knapweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Cephalanthus occidentalis (buttonbush) C=5
  • Cerastium fontanum (mouse-ear chickweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Chaerophyllum procumbens (streambank chervil​) C=5
  • Chaiturus marrubiastrum (lions tail) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Chamaecrista fasciculata (common partridge pea) C=4
  • Chamaecrista nictitans (lesser partridge pea) C=7
  • Chamerion angustifolium (fireweed) C=6
  • Chelone glabra (turtlehead) C=8
  • Chenopodium missouriense (Missouri goosefoot) C=1
  • Chenopodium simplex (maple-leaved goosefoot) C=4
  • Chenopodium standleyanum (woodland goosefoot) C=5
  • Cichorium intybus (chicory​) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Cicuta maculata (water hemlock) C=6
  • Cinna arundinacea (common wood reed) C=5
  • Circaea canadensis (enchanters nightshade) C=3
  • Cirsium arvense (field thistle) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Cirsium discolor (pasture thistle) C=3
  • Cirsium hillii (Hill's thistle) C=10
  • Cirsium muticum (fen thistle) C=9
  • Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Cladonia furcata NA
  • Claytonia virginica (spring beauty) C=4
  • Clematis virginiana (Virgin's bower) C=4
  • Coeloglossum viride (bracted orchid) C=10
  • Comandra umbellata (false toadflax) C=9
  • Commelina communis (common day flower) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Conyza canadensis (tall horseweed) C=0
  • Coreopsis lanceolata (sand coreopsis) C=8
  • Coreopsis palmata (prairie coreopsis) C=10
  • Coreopsis tripteris (tall coreopsis) C=5
  • Cornus obliqua (blue-fruited dogwood) C=5
  • Cornus racemosa (gray dogwood) C=1
  • Cornus sericea (red sticks) C=5
  • Corylus americana (American hazelnut) C=5
  • Crataegus coccinea (scarlet hawthorn) C=5
  • Crataegus crus-galli (shining cockspur hawthorn) C=3
  • Crataegus mollis (downy hawthorn) C=2
  • Crataegus pruinosa (frosted hawthorn) C=5
  • Crataegus punctata (dotted hawthorn) C=4
  • Crocanthemum bicknellii (pinweed rockrose) C=8
  • Crocanthemum canadense (common rockrose) C=7
  • Crotalaria sagittalis (rattlebox) C=8
  • Cryptotaenia canadensis (honewort​) C=4
  • Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) C=0
  • Cuscuta glomerata (rope dodder) C=7
  • Cuscuta gronovii (common dodder) C=5
  • Cynoglossum officinale (hounds tongue) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Cyperus filiculmis (eastern sand sedge) C=5
  • Cyperus lupulinus (hop sand sedge) C=4
  • Cyperus strigosus (long-scaled nut sedge) C=1
  • Cystopteris protrusa (woodland fragile fern) C=8
  • Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Dalea candida (white prairie clover) C=10
  • Dalea purpurea (purple prairie clover) C=9
  • Danthonia spicata (poverty oat grass) C=3
  • Dasistoma macrophylla (mullein foxglove) C=8
  • Datura stramonium (jimson weed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Dentaria laciniata (toothwort) C=5
  • Desmanthus illinoensis (Illinois bundleflower) C=3
  • Desmodium canadense (showy ticktrefoil) C=4
  • Desmodium glabellum (smooth ticktrefoil) C=10
  • Desmodium illinoense (Illinois ticktrefoil) C=9
  • Desmodium paniculatum (panicled ticktrefoil) C=6
  • Dianthus armeria (deptford pink) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Diarrhena obovata (beak grass) C=10
  • Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchman's breeches) C=7
  • Dichanthelium depauperatum (starved panic grass) C=6
  • Dichanthelium implicatum (common panic grass) C=4
  • Dichanthelium latifolium (broad-leaved panic grass) C=8
  • Dichanthelium leibergii (prairie panic grass) C=10
  • Dichanthelium lindheimeri (smooth panic grass) C=8
  • Dichanthelium perlongum (long-stalked panic grass) C=10
  • Dichanthelium pseudopubescens (white-haired panic grass) C=5
  • Dichanthelium scribnerianum (Scribner's panic grass) C=4
  • Dichanthelium villosissimum (woolly panic grass) C=8
  • Digitaria ischaemum (smooth crabgrass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) C=5
  • Dodecatheon meadia (shooting star) C=6
  • Doellingeria umbellata (flat-top aster) C=8
  • Draba reptans (common whitlow cress) C=4
  • Dracocephalum parviflorum (American dragonhead) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Drymocallis arguta (prairie cinquefoil) C=10
  • Dryopteris carthusiana (spinulose shield fern) C=8
  • Dryopteris cristata (crested wood fern) C=10
  • Dryopteris intermedia (florists wood fern) C=9
  • Echinacea pallida (pale purple coneflower) C=10
  • Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) C=10
  • Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Echinocystis lobata (wild cucumber) C=4
  • Echinodorus berteroi var. lanceolatus (heart-leaved burhead) C=4 
  • Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Elaeagnus umbellata (Asian autumn olive) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Eleocharis elliptica (golden-seeded spikerush) C=10
  • Eleocharis erythropoda (red-rooted spikerush) C=1
  • Eleocharis obtusa (blunt spikerush) C=3
  • Eleocharis verrucosa (wiry spikerush) C=8
  • Ellisia nyctelea (Aunt Lucy) C=2
  • Elymus canadensis (Canada wild rye) C=4
  • Elymus riparius (riverbank wild rye) C=5
  • Elymus villosus (silky wild rye) C=5
  • Elymus virginicus (Virginia wild rye) C=3
  • Elytrigia repens (quack grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Epilobium coloratum (cinnamon willowherb) C=3
  • Equisetum arvense (horsetail) C=0
  • Equisetum hyemale (tall scouring rush) C=1
  • Equisetum laevigatum (smooth scouring rush) C=3
  • Eragrostis cilianensis (stink grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Eragrostis spectabilis (purple love grass) C=3
  • Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) C=0
  • Erigeron annuus (annual fleabane) C=0
  • Erigeron philadelphicus (marsh fleabane) C=4
  • Erigeron pulchellus (Robin's plantain) C=8​
  • Erigeron strigosus (daisy fleabane) C=5
  • Eriophorum angustifolium (narrow-leaved cottongrass) C=10
  • Eryngium yuccifolium (rattlesnake master) C=9
  • Erythronium albidum (white trout lily) C=5
  • Eupatorium altissimum (tall boneset) C=0
  • Eupatorium perfoliatum (common boneset) C=4
  • Eupatorium serotinum (late boneset) C=0
  • Euphorbia corollata (flowering spurge) C=4
  • Euphorbia dentata (toothed spurge) C=0
  • Euphorbia virgata (leafy spurge) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Eurybia furcata † (forked aster) C=10
  • Euthamia graminifolia (smooth grass-leaved goldenrod) C=4
  • Euthamia gymnospermoides (viscid grass-leaved goldenrod) C=4
  • Euthamia nuttallii (hairy grass-leaved goldenrod) C=3
  • Eutrochium maculatum (spotted Joe-pye weed) C=5
  • Eutrochium purpureum (purple Joe-pye weed) C=6
  • Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Fallopia scandens (climbing false buckwheat) C=3
  • Festuca subverticillata (nodding fescue) C=5
  • Filipendula rubra † (queen of the prairie) C=10
  • Floerkea proserpinacoides (false mermaid) C=7
  • Fragaria virginiana (wild strawberry) C=0
  • Fraxinus americana (white ash) C=5
  • Fraxinus lanceolata (green ash) C=1
  • Fraxinus pennsylvanica (red ash​) C=4
  • Galearis spectabilis (showy orchid) C=10
  • Galium album (white bedstraw) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Galium aparine (wild velcro) C=0
  • Galium boreale (northern bedstraw) C=10
  • Galium circaezans var. hypomalacum (hairy wild licorice) C=5
  • Galium concinnum (shining bedstraw) C=7
  • Galium obtusum (wild madder) C=5
  • Galium triflorum (sweet-scented bedstraw) C=5
  • Gaura longiflora (common gaura) C=2
  • Gaylussacia baccata (box huckleberry) C=9
  • Gentiana alba (yellowish gentian) C=9
  • Gentiana andrewsii (closed gentian) C=9
  • Gentiana puberulenta (prairie gentian) C=10
  • Gentiana saponaria (soapwort gentian) C=10
  • Gentianella quinquefolia subsp. occidentalis (stiff gentian) C=8
  • Gentianopsis crinita (fringed gentian) C=9
  • Geranium carolinianum (Carolina cranesbill) C=1
  • Geranium columbinum (dovesfoot cranesbill) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Geranium maculatum (wild geranium) C=5
  • Geranium sibiricum (Siberian cranesbill) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Geum aleppicum  (yellow avens) C=3
  • Geum canadense (white avens) C=1
  • Geum triflorum (prairie smoke) C=10
  • Glechoma hederacea (creeping Charlie) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) C=1
  • Glyceria septentrionalis (floating manna grass) C=8
  • Glyceria striata (green fowl manna grass) C=4
  • Glycine max (soybean) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Goodyera pubescens (downy rattlesnake plantain) C=10
  • Gratiola neglecta (clammy hedge hyssop) C=3
  • Grindelia squarrosa (gum plant) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Hackelia virginiana (stickseed) C=1
  • Hasteola suaveolens (sweet Indian plantain) C=10
  • Hedeoma hispida (rough pennyroyal) C=2
  • Hedeoma pulegioides (American pennyroyal) C=4
  • Helenium autumnale (sneezeweed) C=5
  • Helianthus decapetalus (thinleaf sunflower) C=8
  • Helianthus divaricatus (woodland sunflower) C=5
  • Helianthus grosseserratus (sawtooth sunflower) C=4
  • Helianthus hirsutus (hispid sunflower) C=7
  • Helianthus mollis (downy sunflower) C=9
  • Helianthus occidentalis (western sunflower) C=10
  • Helianthus pauciflorus  (prairie sunflower) C=9
  • Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) C=3
  • Heliopsis helianthoides (false sunflower) C=7
  • Hemerocallis fulva (orange daylily) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Hepatica acutiloba (sharp-lobed hepatica) C=8
  • Heracleum maximum (cow parsnip) C=5
  • Hesperis matronalis (dames rocket) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Hesperostipa spartea (porcupine grass) C=8
  • Heterotheca camporum (plains golden aster) C=10
  • Heuchera richardsonii (prairie alum root) C=10
  • Hibiscus laevis (halberd-leaved rose mallow) C=7
  • Hibiscus palustris (northern rose mallow) C=7
  • Hibiscus trionum (flower-of-an-hour) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Hieracium caespitosum (yellow field hawkweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Hieracium gronovii (hairy hawkweed) C=8
  • Hieracium longipilum (grandpa hawkweed) C=7
  • Hieracium scabrum (rough hawkweed) C=7
  • Hieracium umbellatum (Canada hawkweed) C=8
  • Hierochloe hirta (sweet grass) C=10
  • Hordeum jubatum (squirrel-tail barley) C=0
  • Houstonia longifolia (long-leaved bluets) C=10
  • Humulus lupulus var. pubescens (downy American hop) C=3
  • Hydrophyllum virginianum (Virginia waterleaf) C=5
  • Hylodesmum glutinosum (pointed ticktrefoil) C=7
  • Hypericum ascyron (great St. Johns wort) C=10
  • Hypericum canadense (Canadian St. Johnswort) C=10
  • Hypericum gentianoides (orange grass) C=7
  • Hypericum majus (sand St. Johns wort) C=5
  • Hypericum mutilum (weak St. Johns wort) C=9
  • Hypericum perforatum (common St. Johnswort) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Hypericum punctatum (spotted St. Johnswort) C=4
  • Hypericum sphaerocarpum (round-fruited St. Johns wort) C=7
  • Hypoxis hirsuta (yellow star grass) C=8
  • Hystrix patula (bottlebrush grass) C=5
  • Impatiens capensis (spotted touch-me-not) C=4
  • Impatiens pallida (pale touch-me-not) C=6
  • Ionactis linariifolia (flax-leaved aster) C=10
  • Ipomoea hederacea (ivy-leaved morning glory) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Ipomoea pandurata (wild sweet potato​) C=4
  • Ipomoea purpurea (common morning glory) C=0
  • Iris virginica var. shrevei (blue flag iris) C=5
  • Isanthus brachiatus (false pennyroyal) C=7
  • Juglans cinerea (butternut) C=10
  • Juglans nigra (black walnut) C=3
  • Juncus canadensis (Canadian rush) C=5
  • Juncus dudleyi (Dudley's rush) C=2
  • Juncus greenei (Greene's rush) C=8
  • Juncus interior (inland rush) C=4
  • Juncus marginatus (grass-leaved rush) C=9
  • Juncus tenuis (path rush) C=0
  • Juncus torreyi (Torrey's rush) C=2
  • Juniperus virginiana (​red cedar) C=0
  • Koeleria macrantha (June grass) C=8
  • Krigia biflora (false dandelion ) C=9
  • Krigia virginica (dwarf dandelion) C=4
  • Lactuca canadensis (wild lettuce) C=1
  • Lactuca floridana (woodland Lettuce) C=8
  • Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Lamium purpureum (purple henbit) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Laportea canadensis (wood nettle) C=5
  • Lathyrus palustrus (marsh vetchling) C=8
  • Lechea minor (small pinweed) C=8
  • Lechea mucronata (hairy pinweed) C=7
  • Lechea stricta (bushy pinweed) C=10
Genus species (Common Name)—Conservation coefficient​
  • Lechea tenuifolia (slender-leaved pinweed) C=10
  • Leersia oryzoides (rice cut grass) C=3
  • Leersia virginica (white grass) C=5
  • ​​Lemna minor (green duckweed) C=5
  • Lemna minuta (dinky duckweed) C=5
  • Leonurus cardiaca (motherwort) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Lepidium virginicum (common pepper grass) C=0
  • ​Leptoloma cognata (fall witch grass) C=1
  • Lespedeza capitata (round-headed bush clover) C=4
  • Lespedeza capitata X leptostachya (hybrid bush clover) NA
  • Lespedeza cuneata (sericea) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Lespedeza davurica (dahurian bush clover) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Lespedeza leptostachya * †† (prairie bush clover) C=10
  • Lespedeza virginica (slender bush clover) C=7
  • Leucanthemum vulgare (garden oxeye daisy) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Leucobryum glucum NA
  • Liatris aspera (rough blazing star) C=8
  • Liatris cylindracea (cylindrical blazing star) C=10
  • Liatris pycnostachya (prairie gay feather) C=8
  • Liatris scariosa var. nieuwlandii (savanna blazing star) C=9
  • Lilium michiganense (Michigan lily) C=8
  • Lilium philadephicum var. andinum (prairie lily) C=10
  • Linaria vulgaris (butter-n-eggs) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Linum sulcatum (grooved yellow flax) C=10
  • Linum usitatissimum (common flax) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Liparis liliifolia (purple twayblade) C=4
  • Liparis loeselii (green twayblade) C=4
  • Lithospermum canescens (hoary puccoon) C=8
  • Lithospermum croceum (hairy puccoon) C=8
  • Lithospermum incisum (fringed puccoon) C=10
  • Lithospermum latifolium (American gromwell) C=10
  • Lobelia cardinalis (cardinal flower) C=7
  • Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco) C=5
  • Lobelia siphilitica (great blue lobelia) C=4
  • Lobelia spicata (pale-spike lobelia) C=4
  • Lolium perenne (perennial rye grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Lonicera maackii (amur honeysuckle) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Lonicera reticulata (yellow honeysuckle) C=8
  • Lonicera x bella (showy fly honeysuckle) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Lonicera x muendeniensis (common fly honeysuckle) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Lotus corniculatus (birds foot trefoil) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Ludwigia alternifolia (seedbox) C=6
  • Ludwigia palustris var. americana (marsh purslane) C=3
  • Lupinus perennis var. occidentalis (wild lupine) C=7
  • Lycopus americanus  (common water horehound) C=4
  • Lycopus uniflorus (northern bugleweed) C=4
  • Lysimachia ciliata (fringed loosestrife) C=7
  • Lysimachia lanceolata (prairie loosestrife) C=9
  • Lysimachia quadriflora (fen loosestrife) C=10
  • Lysimachia quadrifolia (whorled loosestrife) C=10
  • Lysimachia thyrsiflora (tufted loosestrife) C=8
  • Lythrum alatum (winged loosestrife) C=7
  • Maclura pomifera (osage-orange) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Maianthemum canadense var. interius (hairy mayflower) C=7
  • Malus ioensis (Iowa crab apple) C=4
  • Malus pumila (apple) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Malva neglecta (cheeses) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Malva pusilla (low mallow) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Medicago lupulina (black medic) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Medicago sativa (alfalfa) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Melilotus albus (white sweet clover) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Menispermum canadense (moonseed) C=5
  • Mentha canadensis (wild mint) C=5
  • Mertensia virginica (Virginia bluebells) C=5
  • Micranthes pensylvanica (swamp saxifrage) C=10
  • Mimulus glabratus var. jamesii †† (yellow monkey flower) C=10
  • Mimulus ringens (monkey flower) C=4
  • Minuartia michauxii (stiff sandwort) C=10
  • Mirabilis nyctaginea (wild four-o'clock) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Mitella diphylla (eastern miterwort) C=10
  • Moehringia lateriflora (wood sandwort) C=8
  • Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) C=4
  • Monarda punctata (horse mint) C=4
  • Morus cult. illinois everbearing (black mulberry) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Muhlenbergia frondosa (leafy satin grass) C=2
  • Muhlenbergia glomerata (marsh wild timothy) C=10
  • Muhlenbergia mexicana (wood satin grass) C=5
  • Muhlenbergia schreberi (nimblewill) C=0
  • Mulgedium pulchellum (showy blue lettuce) C=0
  • Muscari botryoides (common grape hyacinth) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Myosotis verna (white forget-me-not) C=1
  • Napaea dioica (glade mallow) C=4
  • Nasturtium officinale (common watercress) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Nepeta cataria (catnip) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Nothocalais cuspidata †† (prairie false dandelion) C=10
  • Nuttallanthus canadensis (blue toadflax) C=4
  • Oenothera biennis (common evening primrose) C=0
  • Oenothera clelandii (sand evening primrose) C=5
  • Oligoneuron album (stiff aster) C=10
  • Oligoneuron ohioense (Ohio goldenrod) C=10
  • Oligoneuron riddellii (Riddell's goldenrod) C=8
  • Oligoneuron rigidum (stiff goldenrod) C=3
  • Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern) C=5
  • Onosmodium molle (rough marbleseed) C=5
  • Opuntia cespitosa (eastern prickly pear) C=4
  • Ornithogalum umbellatum (star of Bethlehem) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Orobanche fasciculata †† (clustered broomrape) C=10
  • Osmorhiza claytonii (hairy sweet cicely) C=4
  • Osmorhiza longistylis (smooth sweet cicely) C=5
  • Osmunda claytoniana (interrupted fern) C=8
  • Ostrya virginiana (hop hornbeam) C=5
  • Oxalis dillenii  (common wood sorrel) C=0
  • Oxalis stricta  (tall wood sorrel) C=0
  • Oxalis violacea (violet wood sorrel) C=8
  • Oxypolis rigidior (cowbane) C=8
  • Packera paupercula (balsam ragwort) C=4
  • Packera plattensis (prairie ragwort) C=4
  • Panax quinquefolius (ginseng) C=10
  • Panicum capillare (old witch grass) C=0
  • Panicum dichotomiflorum (knee grass) C=0
  • Panicum virgatum (switch grass) C=3
  • Parietaria pensylvanica (pellitory) C=0
  • Parnassia glauca (grass of Parnassus) C=10
  • Paronychia canadensis (tall forked chickweed) C=7
  • Parthenium integrifolium (wild quinine) C=8
  • Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) C=4
  • Paspalum setaceum var. muehlenbergii (hairy lens grass) C=3
  • Paspalum setaceum var. stramineum (downy lens grass) C=3
  • Pastinaca sativa (wild parsnip) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Pedicularis canadensis (wood betony) C=9
  • Pedicularis lanceolata (fen betony) C=10
  • Peltandra virginica (arrow arum) C=10
  • Penstemon digitalis (foxglove beard tongue) C=4
  • Penstemon grandiflorus †† (large-flowered beard tongue) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Penstemon hirsutus (hairy beard tongue) C=9
  • Penstemon pallidus (pale beard tongue) C=9
  • Penthorum sedoides (ditch stonecrop) C=4
  • Persicaria bungeana (prickly smartweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Persicaria coccinea (water smartweed) C=4
  • Persicaria hydropiper (woodland water pepper) C=2
  • Persicaria longiseta (creeping smartweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Persicaria maculosa (lady's thumb) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Persicaria pensylvanica (pinkweed) C=0
  • Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Phemeranthus rugospermus (fameflower) C=10
  • Phleum pratense (Timothy) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Phlox bifida (sand phlox) C=8
  • Phlox divaricata (woodland phlox) C=5
  • Phlox maculata (sweet William phlox) C=10
  • Phlox pilosa (sand prairie phlox) C=8
  • Phryma leptostachya (lopseed) C=6
  • Physalis heterophylla (clammy ground cherry) C=3
  • Physalis longifolia (tall ground cherry) C=0
  • Physalis pubescens (hairy ground cherry) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Physalis virginiana (prairie ground cherry) C=4
  • Physocarpus opulifolius (ninebark) C=5
  • Physostegia virginiana (obedient plant) C=4
  • Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) C=0
  • Pilea fontana (bog clearweed) C=7
  • Pilea pumila (clearweed) C=2
  • Pinus strobus (white pine) C=10
  • Piptatherum racemosum (black-seeded rice grass) C=10
  • Plantago aristata (poor Joe) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Plantago lanceolata (English plantain) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Plantago major (common plantain) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Plantago patagonica (woolly plantain) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Plantago rugelii (red-stalked plantain) C=0
  • Plantago virginica (dwarf plantain) C=0
  • Platanthera aquilonis (northern bog orchid) C=10
  • Platanthera lacera (ragged fringed orchid​) C=7
  • Platanthera leucophaea * †† (eastern prairie fringed orchid) C=10
  • Platanus occidentalis (sycamore) C=5
  • Poa annua (annual bluegrass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Poa compressa (Canada bluegrass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Poa palustris (marsh bluegrass) C=7
  • Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) C=4
  • Polanisia dodecandra (clammy weed) C=0
  • Polemonium reptans (Jacob's ladder) C=8
  • Polygala incarnata †† (pink milkwort) C=10
  • Polygala polygama var. obtusata (purple milkwort) C=9
  • Polygala sanguinea (field milkwort) C=4
  • Polygala verticillata var. isocycla (whorled milkwort) C=7
  • Polygonatum biflorum (smooth Solomon's seal) C=4
  • Polygonum achoreum (homeless knotweed) C=0
  • Polygonum arenastrum (sidewalk knotweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Polygonum aviculare (common knotweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Polygonum buxiforme (boxwood knotweed) C=0
  • Polygonum tenue (wiry knotweed) C=5
  • Polypodium virginianum (polypody) C=10
  • Polytaenia nuttallii (prairie parsley) C=10
  • Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed) C=9
  • Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood) C=0
  • Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) C=3
  • Portulaca oleracea (purslane) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Potentilla argentea (silvery cinquefoil) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Potentilla norvegica (rough cinquefoil) C=0
  • Potentilla recta (sulphur cinquefoil) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Potentilla simplex (common cinquefoil) C=3
  • Prenanthes alba (white lettuce) C=5
  • Prenanthes aspera (rough prairie lettuce) C=10
  • Prenanthes crepidinea (great white lettuce) C=9
  • Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata (wood self heal) C=1
  • Prunus americana (wild plum) C=3
  • Prunus serotina (wild black cherry) C=0
  • Prunus virginiana (choke cherry) C=3
  • Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (old-field balsam) C=2
  • Ptelea trifoliata (wafer ash) C=4
  • Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum  (bracken fern) C=5
  • Pulsatilla patens subsp. multifida (pasque flower) C=10
  • Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (slender mountain mint) C=7
  • Pycnanthemum virginianum (common mountain mint) C=5 
  • Quercus alba (white oak) C=5
  • Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak) C=5
  • Quercus ellipsoidalis (Hill's oak) C=4
  • Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak) C=5
  • Quercus rubra (red oak) C=5
  • Quercus velutina (black oak) C=5
  • Ranunculus abortivus (small-flowered buttercup) C=1
  • Ranunculus fascicularis (early buttercup) C=6
  • Ranunculus flabellaris (yellow water crowfoot) C=5
  • Ranunculus recurvatus (hooked buttercup) C=5
  • Ranunculus septentrionalis (swamp crowfoot) C=5
  • Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Ratibida pinnata (yellow coneflower) C=4
  • Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac) C=9
  • Rhus glabra (smooth sumac) C=1
  • Ribes americanum (wild black currant) C=4
  • Ribes cynosbati (prickly wild gooseberry) C=5
  • Ribes missouriense (Missouri wild gooseberry) C=2
  • Ricciocarpos natans (floating liverwort) NA
  • Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Rorippa palustris var. fernaldiana (marsh cress) C=2
  • Rosa blanda (early wild rose) C=4
  • Rosa carolina (pasture rose) C=5
  • Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Rosa rubiginosa (rusty sweetbrier) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Rubus allegheniensis (highbush blackberry) C=3
  • Rubus baileyanus (Bailey's dewberry) C=10
  • Rubus flagellaris (common dewberry) C=5
  • Rubus frondosus (leafy bramble) C=4
  • Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry) C=0
  • Rubus strigosus (red raspberry) C=1
  • Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan) C=1
  • Rudbeckia laciniata (wild golden glow) C=4
  • Rudbeckia subtomentosa (sweet black-eyed Susan) C=8
  • Rudbeckia triloba (brown-eyed Susan) C=1
  • Ruellia humilis (prairie petunia) C=8
  • Rumex acetosella (field sorrel) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • ​Rumex altissimus (pale dock) C=1
  • Rumex crispus (curly dock) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Rumex orbiculatus (great water dock) C=8
  • Rumex verticillatus (riverbank dock) C=8
  • Sagittaria latifolia (common arrowhead) C=3
  • Salix discolor (pussy willow) C=3
  • Salix eriocephala (heart-leaved willow) C=5
  • Salix humilis (prairie willow) C=6
  • Salix interior (sandbar willow) C=2
  • Salix nigra (black willow) C=5
  • Salix petiolaris (meadow willow) C=7
  • Salix x rubens (hybrid crack willow) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Sambucus canadensis (elderberry) C=4
  • Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) C=5
  • Sanicula canadensis (Canadian black snakeroot) C=5
  • Sanicula marilandica (black snakeroot) C=5
  • Sanicula odorata (clustered black snakeroot) C=3
  • Saponaria officinalis (soapwort) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Sceptridium dissectum (cut-leaved grape fern) C=5
  • Sceptridium oneidense (blunt-lobed grape fern) C=5
  • Schedonorus arundinaceus (tall fescue) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) C=5
  • Schoenoplectus acutus (hard-stemmed bulrush) C=5
  • Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (great bulrush) C=3
  • Scirpus atrovirens (dark green rush) C=4
  • Scirpus cyperinus (woolgrass) C=6
  • Scrophularia lanceolata (early figwort) C=4
  • Scrophularia marilandica (late figwort) C=4
  • Scutellaria lateriflora (mad-dog skullcap) C=4
  • Scutellaria ovata (heart-leaved skullcap) C=9
  • Scutellaria parvula (small skullcap) C=8
  • Securigera varia (crown vetch) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Selaginella rupestris (sand clubmoss) C=10
  • Senna hebecarpa (wild senna) C=9
  • Senna marilandica (Maryland senna) C=9
  • Setaria faberi (giant foxtail) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Setaria pumila (yellow foxtail) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Setaria viridis (green foxtail) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Sicyos angulatus (bur cucumber) C=2
  • Silene antirrhina (sleepy catchfly) C=1
  • Silene latifolia (white campion) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Silene nivea (snowy campion) C=10
  • Silene regia †† (royal catchfly) C=10
  • Silene stellata (starry campion) C=6
  • Silene vulgaris (bladder campion) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Silphium integrifolium (rosinweed) C=5
  • Silphium integrifolium var. deamii (Deam's rosinweed) C=5
  • Silphium laciniatum (compass plant) C=5
  • Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) C=5
  • Silphium terebinthaceum (prairie dock) C=5
  • Sisymbrium altissimum (tumble mustard) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Sisymbrium officinale (hedge mustard) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Sisyrinchium albidum (common blue-eyed grass) C=6
  • Sisyrinchium angustifolium (stout blue-eyed grass) C=5
  • Sisyrinchium campestre (prairie blue-eyed grass) C=10
  • Sium suave (tall water parsnip) C=7
  • Smilacina racemosa (feathery false Solomon's seal) C=5
  • Smilacina stellata (starry false Solomon's seal) C=5
  • Smilax ecirrhata (upright carrion flower) C=5
  • Smilax hispida (bristly cat brier) C=4
  • Smilax lasioneura (common carrion flower) C=5
  • Smilax rotundifolia (four-angled cat brier) C=5
  • Solanum carolinense (horsenettle) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Solanum ptychanthum (black nightshade) C=0
  • Solanum rostratum (buffalo bur) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod) C=1
  • Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod) C=1
  • Solidago gigantea (late goldenrod) C=4
  • Solidago juncea (early goldenrod) C=3
  • Solidago missouriensis (Missouri goldenrod) C=9
  • Solidago nemoralis (old-field goldenrod) C=3
  • Solidago patula (swamp goldenrod) C=9
  • Solidago speciosa (showy goldenrod) C=8
  • Solidago uliginosa (bog goldenrod) C=10
  • Solidago ulmifolia (elm-leaved goldenrod) C=5
  • Sonchus uliginosus (common sow thistle) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass) C=5
  • Sparganium eurycarpum (common bur reed) C=5
  • Spartina pectinata (prairie cordgrass) C=4
  • Sphenopholis intermedia (slender wedge grass) C=3
  • Sphenopholis obtusata (prairie wedge grass) C=4
  • Spiraea alba (meadowsweet) C=5
  • Spiranthes cernua (nodding lady's tresses) C=4
  • Spiranthes lacera (northern slender lady's tresses) C=5
  • Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis (southern slender lady's tresses) C=5
  • Spiranthes magnicamporum (great plains lady's tresses) C=8
  • Sporobolus compositus (rough dropseed) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Sporobolus cryptandrus (sand dropseed) C=3
  • Sporobolus heterolepis (prairie dropseed) C=10
  • Stachys hispida (marsh hedge nettle) C=5
  • Stachys pilosa (woundwort) C=5
  • Staphylea trifolia (bladdernut) C=7
  • Stellaria logifolia (long-leaved stitchwort) C=8
  • Stellaria media (common chickweed) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Stellaria pubera †† (great chickweed) C=10
  • Strophostyles leiosperma (small wild bean)  C=6
  • Symphoricarpos orbiculatus (coralberry) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Symphyotrichum drummondii (Drummond's aster) C=3
  • Symphyotrichum ericoides  (heath aster) C=6
  • Symphyotrichum firmum (shining aster) C=7
  • Symphyotrichum laeve (smooth blue aster) C=9
  • Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (calico aster) C=4
  • Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (New England aster) C=3
  • Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (aromatic aster) C=9
  • Symphyotrichum ontarionis  (Ontario aster) C=5
  • Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (sky-blue aster) C=8
  • Symphyotrichum pilosum (hairy aster) C=0
  • Symphyotrichum praealtum (willow aster) C=7
  • Symphyotrichum puniceum (bristly aster) C=8
  • Symphyotrichum sericeum (silky aster) C=10
  • Symphyotrichum shortii (Short's aster) C=7
  • Symplocarpus foetidus (skunk cabbage) C=8
  • Taenidia integerrima (yellow pimpernel) C=10
  • Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Tephrosia virginiana (goat's rue) C=8
  • Teucrium canadense (Canadian germander ) C=3
  • Teucrium canadense var. occidentale (downy germander) C=3
  • Thalictrum dasycarpum (purple meadow rue) C=6
  • Thalictrum dasycarpum var. hypoglaucum (smooth meadow rue) C=6
  • Thelypteris palustris (marsh shield fern) C=7
  • Thlaspi arvense (large-fruited penny cress) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Tilia americana (American linden) C=5
  • Toxicodendron radicans (poison ivy) C=2
  • Tracaulon sagittatum (arrow-leaved tear-thumb) C=7
  • Tradescantia ohiensis (common spiderwort) C=3
  • Tragopogon dubius (sand goat's beard) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Tragopogon pratensis (common goat's beard) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Triadenum fraseri (marsh St. Johns wort) C=8
  • Trifolium aureum (yellow hop clover) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Trifolium hybridum (alsike clover) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Trifolium pratense (red clover) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Trifolium repens (white clover) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Trillium recurvatum (prairie trillium) C=5
  • Triodanis perfoliata (common Venus looking glass) C=1
  • Triosteum aurantiacum (early horse gentian) C=5
  • Triosteum perfoliatum (late horse gentian) C=4
  • Triticum aestivum (wheat) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Turritis glabra (tower mustard) C=1
  • Typha latifolia (broad-leaved cattail) C=5
  • Ulmus americana (American elm) C=3
  • Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Ulmus rubra (slippery elm) C=4
  • Urtica gracilis (tall nettle) C=1
  • Uvularia grandiflora (bellwort) C=7
  • Vaccinium angustifolium (early low blueberry) C=6
  • Verbascum blattaria (moth mullein) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Verbascum thapsus (common mullein) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Verbena hastata (blue vervain) C=4
  • Verbena simplex (narrow-leaved vervain) C=4
  • Verbena stricta (hoary vervain) C=4
  • Verbena urticifolia (hairy white vervain) C=2
  • Verbesina alternifolia (wingstem) C=5
  • Vernonia fasciculata (common ironweed) C=8
  • Veronica arvensis (corn speedwell) NON-NATIVE C=0​
  • Veronica catenata var. glandulosa (water speedwell) C=9
  • Veronica officinalis (common speedwell) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Veronica peregrina (purslane speedwell) C=0
  • Veronica serpyllifolia (thyme-leaved speedwell) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver's root) C=8
  • Viburnum lentago (nannyberry) C=4
  • Viburnum prunifolium (black haw) C=5
  • Vicia americana (American vetch) C=4
  • Vicia cracca (cow vetch) NON-NATIVE C=0
  • Viola canadensis var. rugulosa (western Canada violet) C=10
  • Viola cucullata (hooded violet) C=9
  • Viola lanceolata (lance-leaved violet) C=7
  • Viola nephrophylla (northern bog violet) C=9
  • Viola pedata var. lineariloba (birds foot violet) C=9
  • Viola pedatifida (prairie violet) C=9
  • Viola pubescens var scabriuscula (smooth yellow violet) C=5
  • Viola sagittata (arrow-leaved violet) C=5
  • Viola sororia (common blue violet) C=3
  • Viola subsinuata (lobed blue violet) C=5
  • Vitus riparia (riverbank grape) C=1
  • Vulpia octoflora (six-weeks fescue) C=1
  • Wolffia columbiana (American watermeal) C=5
  • Woodsia ilvensis (oblong woodsia fern) NA
  • Woodsia obtusa (cliff fern) C=10
  • Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (common cocklebur) C=0
  • Zanthoxylum americanum (prickly ash) C=3
  • Zizia aptera (heart-leaved meadow parsnip) C=10
  • Zizia aurea (golden Alexanders) C=5
UPDATED 12/2021

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