Plants of Nachusa Grasslands

Native Plant Species
The preserve is home to over 700 native plant species. Our plant inventory includes not only the scientific and common names, but also a plant's coefficient of conservatism value. The nomenclature and coefficient of conservatism (C value) follow:  Wilhelm & Rericha 2016. Flora of Chicago. NA values are moss or liverworts, not included in Flora of Chicago. The coefficient of conservatism assigns each native species a number from 0 to 10. The coefficient of conservatism (C) expresses the confidence that a plant specimen was found in a remnant natural plant community, a “0” expressing no confidence and a “10” expressing total confidence.
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Download a pdf of this webpage: Plants of Nachusa Inventory

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​  *Federally Threatened Species
**Federally Endangered Species

​  †State Threatened Species
††State Endangered Species

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Plants listed by Genus species

Genus species (Common Name)—Conservation coefficient

• Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) NON-NATIVE  C=0
• Acalypha rhomboidea (three-seeded mercury) C=0
• Acer negundo (boxelder) C=0
• Acer nigrum (black maple) C=5
• Acer saccharinum (silver maple) C=1
• Achillea millefolium (common yarrow) C=0
• Acorus americanus (American sweet flag) C=9
• Actaea pachypoda (white baneberry) C=8
• Actaea rubra (red baneberry) C=10
• Adiantum pedatum (maidenhair fern) C=10
• Agalinis purpurea (purple false foxglove) C=6
• Agalinis tenuifolia (slender false foxglove) C=3
• Agastache nepetoides (yellow giant hyssop) C=5
• Agastache scrophulariifolia (purple giant hyssop) C=5
• Ageratina altissima (white snakeroot) C=3
• Agrimonia gryposepala (tall agrimony) C=2
• Agrimonia parviflora (swamp agrimony) C=4
• Agrimonia pubescens (soft agrimony) C=6
• Agrostis gigantea (redtop) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Agrostis hyemalis (tickle grass) C=3
• Ajuga reptans (carpet bugle) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Alisma subcordatum (common water plantain) C=3
• Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Allium burdickii (Chicago leek) C=7
• Allium canadense (wild onion) C=3
• Allium cernuum (nodding wild onion) C=7
• Allium tricoccum (wild leek) C=9
• Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) C=0
• Ambrosia psilostachya (western ragweed) C=0
• Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) C=0
• Amelanchier arborea (eastern Juneberry) C=8
• Amelanchier humilis (low Juneberry) C=7
• Amelanchier laevis (allegheny Juneberry) C=7
• Amorpha canescens (lead plant) C=10
• Amorpha fruticosa (indigo bush) C=5
• Amphicarpaea bracteata (upland hog peanut) C=5
• Amphicarpaea bracteata var. comosa (lowland hog peanut) C=5
• Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) C=5
• Anemone canadensis (meadow anemone) C=4
• Anemone caroliniana (Carolina anemone) C=10
• Anemone cylindrica (thimbleweed) C=8
• Anemone quinquefolia (wood anemone) C=7
• Anemone virginiana (eastern tall anemone) C=5
• Angelica atropurpurea (great angelica) C=7
• Antennaria neglecta (woolly cats foot) C=3
• Antennaria plantaginifolia (pussytoes) C=4
• Antenoron virginianum (jumpseed) C=4
• Anthemis cotula (dog fennel) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Apios americana (ground nut) C=5
• Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane) C=5
• Apocynum cannabinum (hairy dogbane) C=6
• Apocynum sibiricum (smooth Indian hemp) C=2
• Aquilegia canadensis (wild columbine) C=6
• Aralia nudicaulis (wild sarsaparilla) C=8
• Arctium minus (common burdock) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Arisaema dracontium (green dragon) C=6
• Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-pulpit) C=5
• Aristida purpurascens (purple arrow feather) C=5
• Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (pale Indian plantain) C=8
• Arnoglossum plantagineum (prairie Indian plantain) C=10
• Arnoglossum reniforme (great Indian plantain) C=10
• Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) C=7
• Artemisia campestris subsp. caudata (beach wormwood) C=5
• Artemisia ludoviciana (white sage) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Asarum canadense (tailed wild ginger) C=10
• Asclepias amplexicaulis (sand milkweed) C=4
• Asclepias exaltata (poke milkweed) C=10 
• Asclepias hirtella (tall green milkweed) C=10
• Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed) C=3
• Asclepias purpurascens (purple milkweed) C=8
• Asclepias sullivantii (prairie milkweed) C=8
• Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) C=0
• Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed) C=8
• Asclepias verticillata (whorled milkweed) C=1
• Asclepias viridiflora (short green milkweed) C=10
• Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Asplenium platyneuron (ebony spleenwort) C=3
• Asplenium rhizophyllum (walking fern) C=10
• Astragalus canadensis (Canadian milkvetch) C=8
• Athyrium filix-femina (lady fern) C=8
• Atrichum angustatum NA
• Atriplex rosea (red orach) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Aureolaria grandiflora var. pulchra (yellow false foxglove) C=10
• Aureolaria pedicularia (clammy false foxglove) C=7
• Baptisia lactea (white wild indigo) C=8
• Baptisia leucophaea (cream wild indigo) C=10
• Barbarea vulgaris (common yellow rocket) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Berteroa incana (hoary alyssum) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Besseya bullii † (kitten tails) C=10
• Bidens cernua (nodding bur marigold) C=3
• Bidens comosa (straw-stemmed tickseed) C=3
• Bidens frondosa (common beggar ticks) C=1
• Bidens vulgata (tall beggars ticks) C=0
• Blephilia ciliata (Ohio horse mint) C=7
• Boechera canadensis (sicklepod) C=10
• Boechera dentata (toothed cress) C=8
• Boechera laevigata (smooth bank cress) C=8
• Boehmeria cylindrica (swamp false nettle) C=5
• Boehmeria cylindrica var. drummondiana (prairie false nettle) C=6
• Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (river bulrush) C=3
• Bolboschoenus maritimus (alkali bulrush) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Boltonia asteroides (false aster) C=8
• Botrypus virginianus (rattlesnake fern) C=5
• Bouteloua curtipendula (side-oats grama) C=8
• Bouteloua hirsuta (hairy grama) C=5
• Brachyelytrum erectum (short-awned wood grass) C=9
• Brickellia eupatorioides var. corymbulosa (false boneset) C=6
• Bromus ciliatus (fringed brome) C=10
• Bromus inermis (Hungarian brome) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Bromus japonicus (Japanese chess) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Bromus kalmii (prairie brome) C=10
• Bromus pubescens (woodland brome) C=10
• Bromus tectorum (downy chess) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Bulbostylis capillaris (hair sedge) C=3
• Calamagrostis canadensis (blue joint grass) C=6
• Callirhoe triangulata (clustered poppy mallow) C=8
• Caltha palustris (marsh marigold) C=8
• Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed) C=1
• Camassia scilloides (wild hyacinth) C=7
• Campanula aparinoides (lesser marsh bellflower) C=9
• Campanulastrum americanum (tall bellflower) C=4
• Campsis radicans (trumpet creeper) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Cannabis sativa (marijuana) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Cardamine bulbosa (bulbous cress) C=7
• Cardamine pensylvanica (Pennsylvania bitter cress) C=5
• Carduus nutans (musk thistle) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Carex aggregata (smooth clustered sedge) C=4
• Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa (small-seeded fox sedge) C=3
• Carex bicknellii (copper-shouldered oval sedge) C=8
• Carex blanda (common wood sedge) C=1
• Carex brevior (plains oval sedge) C=3
• Carex buxbaumii (dark-scaled sedge) C=10
• Carex cephaloidea (rough-clustered sedge) C=8
• Carex cephalophora (short-headed bracted sedge) C=5
• Carex comosa (bristly sedge) C=5
• Carex cristatella (crested oval sedge) C=4
• Carex emoryi (riverband sedge) C=5
• Carex festucacea (fescue oval sedge) C=9
• Carex frankii (bristly cattail sedge) C=4
• Carex gracillima (purple-sheathed graceful sedge) C=7
• Carex gravida (long-awned bracted sedge) C=3
• Carex grisea (wood gray sedge) C=3
• Carex haydenii (long-scaled tussock sedge) C=5
• Carex hirtifolia (hairy wood sedge) C=5
• Carex hystericina (porcupine sedge) C=7
• Carex interior (prairie star sedge) C=10
• Carex jamesii (grass sedge) C=5
• Carex lacustris (common lake sedge) C=5
• Carex laevivaginata (smooth-sheathed fox sedge) C=9
• Carex lupulina (common hop sedge) C=6
• Carex meadii (Mead's stiff sedge) C=10
• Carex molesta (field oval sedge) C=2
• Carex muehlenbergii (sand bracted sedge) C=4
• Carex normalis (spreading oval sedge) C=5
• Carex pellita (prairie woolly sedge) C=4
• Carex pensylvanica (common oak sedge) C=5
• Carex praegracilis (expressway sedge) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Carex richardsonii (prairie tussock sedge) C=10
• Carex rosea (curly-styled wood sedge) C=5
• Carex sartwellii (running prairie sedge) C=8
• Carex scoparia (broom oval sedge) C=5
• Carex siccata (running savanna sedge) C=7
• Carex sparganioides (loose-headed bracted sedge) C=5
• Carex sprengelii (long-beaked sedge) C=8
• Carex stipata (common fox sedge) C=4
• Carex stricta (common tussock sedge) C=5
• Carex suberecta (wedge-fruited oval sedge) C=8
• Carex tenera (narrow-leaved oval sedge) C=8
• Carex tetanica (common stiff sedge) C=7
• Carex tribuloides (awl-fruited oval sedge) C=7
• Carex trichocarpa (hairy-fruited lake sedge) C=5
• Carex umbellata (early oak sedge) C=7
• Carex utriculata (common yellow lake sedge) C=8
• Carex vulpinoidea (brown fox sedge) C=2
• Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana (blue beech) C=8
• Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory) C=5
• Carya ovata (shagbark hickory) C=5
• Castilleja sessiliflora †† (downy yellow painted cup) C=10
• Catalpa speciosa (northern cigar tree) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Caulophyllum thalictroides (blue cohosh​) C=8
• Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea) C=8
• Celastrus scandens (climbing bittersweet) C=4
• Celtis occidentalis (hackberry) C=2
• Cenchrus longispinus (common sandbur) C=0
• Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (spotted knapweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Cephalanthus occidentalis (buttonbush) C=5
• Cerastium fontanum (mouse-ear chickweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Chaerophyllum procumbens (streambank chervil​) C=5
• Chaiturus marrubiastrum (lions tail) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Chamaecrista fasciculata (common partridge pea) C=4
• Chamaecrista nictitans (lesser partridge pea) C=7
• Chamerion angustifolium (fireweed) C=6
• Chelone glabra (turtlehead) C=8
• Chenopodium missouriense (Missouri goosefoot) C=1
• Chenopodium simplex (maple-leaved goosefoot) C=4
• Chenopodium standleyanum (woodland goosefoot) C=5
• Cichorium intybus (chicory​) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Cicuta maculata (water hemlock) C=6
• Cinna arundinacea (common wood reed) C=5
• Circaea canadensis (enchanters nightshade) C=3
• Cirsium arvense (field thistle) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Cirsium discolor (pasture thistle) C=3
• Cirsium hillii (Hill's thistle) C=10
• Cirsium muticum (fen thistle) C=9
• Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Cladonia furcata NA
• Claytonia virginica (spring beauty) C=4
• Clematis virginiana (Virgin's bower) C=4
• Coeloglossum viride (bracted orchid) C=10
• Comandra umbellata (false toadflax) C=9
• Commelina communis (common day flower) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Conyza canadensis (tall horseweed) C=0
• Coreopsis lanceolata (sand coreopsis) C=8
• Coreopsis palmata (prairie coreopsis) C=10
• Coreopsis tripteris (tall coreopsis) C=5
• Cornus obliqua (blue-fruited dogwood) C=5
• Cornus racemosa (gray dogwood) C=1
• Cornus sericea (red sticks) C=5
• Corylus americana (American hazelnut) C=5
• Crataegus coccinea (scarlet hawthorn) C=5
• Crataegus crus-galli (shining cockspur hawthorn) C=3
• Crataegus mollis (downy hawthorn) C=2
• Crataegus pruinosa (frosted hawthorn) C=5
• Crataegus punctata (dotted hawthorn) C=4
• Crocanthemum bicknellii (pinweed rockrose) C=8
• Crocanthemum canadense (common rockrose) C=7
• Crotalaria sagittalis (rattlebox) C=8
• Cryptotaenia canadensis (honewort​) C=4
• Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) C=0
• Cuscuta glomerata (rope dodder) C=7
• Cuscuta gronovii (common dodder) C=5
• Cynoglossum officinale (hounds tongue) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Cyperus filiculmis (eastern sand sedge) C=5
• Cyperus lupulinus (hop sand sedge) C=4
• Cyperus strigosus (long-scaled nut sedge) C=1
• Cystopteris protrusa (woodland fragile fern) C=8
• Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Dalea candida (white prairie clover) C=10
• Dalea purpurea (purple prairie clover) C=9
• Danthonia spicata (poverty oat grass) C=3
• Dasistoma macrophylla (mullein foxglove) C=8
• Datura stramonium (jimson weed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Dentaria laciniata (toothwort) C=5
• Desmanthus illinoensis (Illinois bundleflower) C=3
• Desmodium canadense (showy ticktrefoil) C=4
• Desmodium glabellum (smooth ticktrefoil) C=10
• Desmodium illinoense (Illinois ticktrefoil) C=9
• Desmodium paniculatum (panicled ticktrefoil) C=6
• Dianthus armeria (deptford pink) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Diarrhena obovata (beak grass) C=10
• Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchman's breeches) C=7
• Dichanthelium depauperatum (starved panic grass) C=6
• Dichanthelium implicatum (common panic grass) C=4
• Dichanthelium latifolium (broad-leaved panic grass) C=8
• Dichanthelium leibergii (prairie panic grass) C=10
• Dichanthelium lindheimeri (smooth panic grass) C=8
• Dichanthelium perlongum (long-stalked panic grass) C=10
• Dichanthelium pseudopubescens (white-haired panic grass) C=5
• Dichanthelium scribnerianum (Scribner's panic grass) C=4
• Dichanthelium villosissimum (woolly panic grass) C=8
• Digitaria ischaemum (smooth crabgrass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) C=5
• Dodecatheon meadia (shooting star) C=6
• Doellingeria umbellata (flat-top aster) C=8
• Draba reptans (common whitlow cress) C=4
• Dracocephalum parviflorum (American dragonhead) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Drymocallis arguta (prairie cinquefoil) C=10
• Dryopteris carthusiana (spinulose shield fern) C=8
• Dryopteris cristata (crested wood fern) C=10
• Dryopteris intermedia (florists wood fern) C=9
• Echinacea pallida (pale purple coneflower) C=10
• Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) C=10
• Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Echinocystis lobata (wild cucumber) C=4
• Echinodorus berteroi var. lanceolatus (heart-leaved burhead) C=4 
• Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Elaeagnus umbellata (Asian autumn olive) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Eleocharis elliptica (golden-seeded spikerush) C=10
• Eleocharis erythropoda (red-rooted spikerush) C=1
• Eleocharis obtusa (blunt spikerush) C=3
• Eleocharis verrucosa (wiry spikerush) C=8
• Ellisia nyctelea (Aunt Lucy) C=2
• Elymus canadensis (Canada wild rye) C=4
• Elymus riparius (riverbank wild rye) C=5
• Elymus villosus (silky wild rye) C=5
• Elymus virginicus (Virginia wild rye) C=3
• Elytrigia repens (quack grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Epilobium coloratum (cinnamon willowherb) C=3
• Equisetum arvense (horsetail) C=0
• Equisetum hyemale (tall scouring rush) C=1
• Equisetum laevigatum (smooth scouring rush) C=3
• Eragrostis cilianensis (stink grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Eragrostis spectabilis (purple love grass) C=3
• Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) C=0
• Erigeron annuus (annual fleabane) C=0
• Erigeron philadelphicus (marsh fleabane) C=4
• Erigeron pulchellus (Robin's plantain) C=8​
• Erigeron strigosus (daisy fleabane) C=5
• Eriophorum angustifolium (narrow-leaved cottongrass) C=10
• Eryngium yuccifolium (rattlesnake master) C=9
• Erythronium albidum (white trout lily) C=5
• Eupatorium altissimum (tall boneset) C=0
• Eupatorium perfoliatum (common boneset) C=4
• Eupatorium serotinum (late boneset) C=0
• Euphorbia corollata (flowering spurge) C=4
• Euphorbia dentata (toothed spurge) C=0
• Euphorbia virgata (leafy spurge) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Eurybia furcata † (forked aster) C=10
• Euthamia graminifolia (smooth grass-leaved goldenrod) C=4
• Euthamia gymnospermoides (viscid grass-leaved goldenrod) C=4
• Euthamia nuttallii (hairy grass-leaved goldenrod) C=3
• Eutrochium maculatum (spotted Joe-pye weed) C=5
• Eutrochium purpureum (purple Joe-pye weed) C=6
• Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Fallopia scandens (climbing false buckwheat) C=3
• Festuca subverticillata (nodding fescue) C=5
• Filipendula rubra † (queen of the prairie) C=10
• Floerkea proserpinacoides (false mermaid) C=7
• Fragaria virginiana (wild strawberry) C=0
• Fraxinus americana (white ash) C=5
• Fraxinus lanceolata (green ash) C=1
• Fraxinus pennsylvanica (red ash​) C=4
• Galearis spectabilis (showy orchid) C=10
• Galium album (white bedstraw) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Galium aparine (wild velcro) C=0
• Galium boreale (northern bedstraw) C=10
• Galium circaezans var. hypomalacum (hairy wild licorice) C=5
• Galium concinnum (shining bedstraw) C=7
• Galium obtusum (wild madder) C=5
• Galium triflorum (sweet-scented bedstraw) C=5
• Gaura longiflora (common gaura) C=2
• Gaylussacia baccata (box huckleberry) C=9
• Gentiana alba (yellowish gentian) C=9
• Gentiana andrewsii (closed gentian) C=9
• Gentiana puberulenta (prairie gentian) C=10
• Gentiana saponaria (soapwort gentian) C=10
• Gentianella quinquefolia subsp. occidentalis (stiff gentian) C=8
• Gentianopsis crinita (fringed gentian) C=9
• Geranium carolinianum (Carolina cranesbill) C=1
• Geranium columbinum (dovesfoot cranesbill) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Geranium maculatum (wild geranium) C=5
• Geranium sibiricum (Siberian cranesbill) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Geum aleppicum  (yellow avens) C=3
• Geum canadense (white avens) C=1
• Geum triflorum (prairie smoke) C=10
• Glechoma hederacea (creeping Charlie) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) C=1
• Glyceria septentrionalis (floating manna grass) C=8
• Glyceria striata (green fowl manna grass) C=4
• Glycine max (soybean) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Goodyera pubescens (downy rattlesnake plantain) C=10
• Gratiola neglecta (clammy hedge hyssop) C=3
• Grindelia squarrosa (gum plant) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Hackelia virginiana (stickseed) C=1
• Hasteola suaveolens (sweet Indian plantain) C=10
• Hedeoma hispida (rough pennyroyal) C=2
• Hedeoma pulegioides (American pennyroyal) C=4
• Helenium autumnale (sneezeweed) C=5
• Helianthus decapetalus (thinleaf sunflower) C=8
• Helianthus divaricatus (woodland sunflower) C=5
• Helianthus grosseserratus (sawtooth sunflower) C=4
• Helianthus hirsutus (hispid sunflower) C=7
• Helianthus mollis (downy sunflower) C=9
• Helianthus occidentalis (western sunflower) C=10
• Helianthus pauciflorus  (prairie sunflower) C=9
• Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) C=3
• Heliopsis helianthoides (false sunflower) C=7
• Hemerocallis fulva (orange daylily) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Hepatica acutiloba (sharp-lobed hepatica) C=8
• Heracleum maximum (cow parsnip) C=5
• Hesperis matronalis (dames rocket) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Hesperostipa spartea (porcupine grass) C=8
• Heterotheca camporum (plains golden aster) C=10
• Heuchera richardsonii (prairie alum root) C=10
• Hibiscus laevis (halberd-leaved rose mallow) C=7
• Hibiscus palustris (northern rose mallow) C=7
• Hibiscus trionum (flower-of-an-hour) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Hieracium caespitosum (yellow field hawkweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Hieracium gronovii (hairy hawkweed) C=8
• Hieracium longipilum (grandpa hawkweed) C=7
• Hieracium scabrum (rough hawkweed) C=7
• Hieracium umbellatum (Canada hawkweed) C=8
• Hierochloe hirta (sweet grass) C=10
• Hordeum jubatum (squirrel-tail barley) C=0
• Houstonia longifolia (long-leaved bluets) C=10
• Humulus lupulus var. pubescens (downy American hop) C=3
• Hydrophyllum virginianum (Virginia waterleaf) C=5
• Hylodesmum glutinosum (pointed ticktrefoil) C=7
• Hypericum ascyron (great St. Johns wort) C=10
• Hypericum canadense (Canadian St. Johnswort) C=10
• Hypericum gentianoides (orange grass) C=7
• Hypericum majus (sand St. Johns wort) C=5
• Hypericum mutilum (weak St. Johns wort) C=9
• Hypericum perforatum (common St. Johnswort) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Hypericum punctatum (spotted St. Johnswort) C=4
• Hypericum sphaerocarpum (round-fruited St. Johns wort) C=7
• Hypoxis hirsuta (yellow star grass) C=8
• Hystrix patula (bottlebrush grass) C=5
• Impatiens capensis (spotted touch-me-not) C=4
• Impatiens pallida (pale touch-me-not) C=6
• Ionactis linariifolia (flax-leaved aster) C=10
• Ipomoea hederacea (ivy-leaved morning glory) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Ipomoea pandurata (wild sweet potato​) C=4
• Ipomoea purpurea (common morning glory) C=0
• Iris virginica var. shrevei (blue flag iris) C=5
• Isanthus brachiatus (false pennyroyal) C=7
• Juglans cinerea (butternut) C=10
• Juglans nigra (black walnut) C=3
• Juncus canadensis (Canadian rush) C=5
• Juncus dudleyi (Dudley's rush) C=2
• Juncus greenei (Greene's rush) C=8
• Juncus interior (inland rush) C=4
• Juncus marginatus (grass-leaved rush) C=9
• Juncus tenuis (path rush) C=0
• Juncus torreyi (Torrey's rush) C=2
• Juniperus virginiana (​red cedar) C=0
• Koeleria macrantha (June grass) C=8
• Krigia biflora (false dandelion ) C=9
• Krigia virginica (dwarf dandelion) C=4
• Lactuca canadensis (wild lettuce) C=1
• Lactuca floridana (woodland Lettuce) C=8
• Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Lamium purpureum (purple henbit) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Laportea canadensis (wood nettle) C=5
• Lathyrus palustrus (marsh vetchling) C=8
• Lechea minor (small pinweed) C=8
• Lechea mucronata (hairy pinweed) C=7
• Lechea stricta (bushy pinweed) C=10

Genus species (Common Name)—Conservation coefficient​

• Lechea tenuifolia (slender-leaved pinweed) C=10
• Leersia oryzoides (rice cut grass) C=3
• Leersia virginica (white grass) C=5
• ​​Lemna minor (green duckweed) C=5
• Lemna minuta (dinky duckweed) C=5
• Leonurus cardiaca (motherwort) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Lepidium virginicum (common pepper grass) C=0
• ​Leptoloma cognata (fall witch grass) C=1
• Lespedeza capitata (round-headed bush clover) C=4
• Lespedeza capitata X leptostachya (hybrid bush clover) NA
• Lespedeza cuneata (sericea) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Lespedeza davurica (dahurian bush clover) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Lespedeza leptostachya * †† (prairie bush clover) C=10
• Lespedeza virginica (slender bush clover) C=7
• Leucanthemum vulgare (garden oxeye daisy) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Leucobryum glucum NA
• Liatris aspera (rough blazing star) C=8
• Liatris cylindracea (cylindrical blazing star) C=10
• Liatris pycnostachya (prairie gay feather) C=8
• Liatris scariosa var. nieuwlandii (savanna blazing star) C=9
• Lilium michiganense (Michigan lily) C=8
• Lilium philadephicum var. andinum (prairie lily) C=10
• Linaria vulgaris (butter-n-eggs) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Linum sulcatum (grooved yellow flax) C=10
• Linum usitatissimum (common flax) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Liparis liliifolia (purple twayblade) C=4
• Liparis loeselii (green twayblade) C=4
• Lithospermum canescens (hoary puccoon) C=8
• Lithospermum croceum (hairy puccoon) C=8
• Lithospermum incisum (fringed puccoon) C=10
• Lithospermum latifolium (American gromwell) C=10
• Lobelia cardinalis (cardinal flower) C=7
• Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco) C=5
• Lobelia siphilitica (great blue lobelia) C=4
• Lobelia spicata (pale-spike lobelia) C=4
• Lolium perenne (perennial rye grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Lonicera maackii (amur honeysuckle) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Lonicera reticulata (yellow honeysuckle) C=8
• Lonicera x bella (showy fly honeysuckle) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Lonicera x muendeniensis (common fly honeysuckle) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Lotus corniculatus (bird's foot trefoil) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Ludwigia alternifolia (seedbox) C=6
• Ludwigia palustris var. americana (marsh purslane) C=3
• Lupinus perennis var. occidentalis (wild lupine) C=7
• Lycopus americanus  (common water horehound) C=4
• Lycopus uniflorus (northern bugleweed) C=4
• Lysimachia ciliata (fringed loosestrife) C=7
• Lysimachia lanceolata (prairie loosestrife) C=9
• Lysimachia quadriflora (fen loosestrife) C=10
• Lysimachia quadrifolia (whorled loosestrife) C=10
• Lysimachia thyrsiflora (tufted loosestrife) C=8
• Lythrum alatum (winged loosestrife) C=7
• Maclura pomifera (osage-orange) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Maianthemum canadense var. interius (hairy mayflower) C=7
• Malus ioensis (Iowa crab apple) C=4
• Malus pumila (apple) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Malva neglecta (cheeses) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Malva pusilla (low mallow) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Medicago lupulina (black medic) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Medicago sativa (alfalfa) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Melilotus albus (white sweet clover) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Menispermum canadense (moonseed) C=5
• Mentha canadensis (wild mint) C=5
• Mertensia virginica (Virginia bluebells) C=5
• Micranthes pensylvanica (swamp saxifrage) C=10
• Mimulus glabratus var. jamesii †† (yellow monkey flower) C=10
• Mimulus ringens (monkey flower) C=4
• Minuartia michauxii (stiff sandwort) C=10
• Mirabilis nyctaginea (wild four-o'clock) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Mitella diphylla (eastern miterwort) C=10
• Moehringia lateriflora (wood sandwort) C=8
• Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) C=4
• Monarda punctata (horse mint) C=4
• Morus cult. illinois everbearing (black mulberry) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Muhlenbergia frondosa (leafy satin grass) C=2
• Muhlenbergia glomerata (marsh wild timothy) C=10
• Muhlenbergia mexicana (wood satin grass) C=5
• Muhlenbergia schreberi (nimblewill) C=0
• Mulgedium pulchellum (showy blue lettuce) C=0
• Muscari botryoides (common grape hyacinth) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Myosotis verna (white forget-me-not) C=1
• Napaea dioica (glade mallow) C=4
• Nasturtium officinale (common watercress) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Nepeta cataria (catnip) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Nothocalais cuspidata †† (prairie false dandelion) C=10
• Nuttallanthus canadensis (blue toadflax) C=4
• Oenothera biennis (common evening primrose) C=0
• Oenothera clelandii (sand evening primrose) C=5
• Oligoneuron album (stiff aster) C=10
• Oligoneuron ohioense (Ohio goldenrod) C=10
• Oligoneuron riddellii (Riddell's goldenrod) C=8
• Oligoneuron rigidum (stiff goldenrod) C=3
• Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern) C=5
• Onosmodium molle (rough marbleseed) C=5
• Opuntia cespitosa (eastern prickly pear) C=4
• Ornithogalum umbellatum (star of Bethlehem) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Orobanche fasciculata †† (clustered broomrape) C=10
• Osmorhiza claytonii (hairy sweet cicely) C=4
• Osmorhiza longistylis (smooth sweet cicely) C=5
• Osmunda claytoniana (interrupted fern) C=8
• Ostrya virginiana (hop hornbeam) C=5
• Oxalis dillenii  (common wood sorrel) C=0
• Oxalis stricta  (tall wood sorrel) C=0
• Oxalis violacea (violet wood sorrel) C=8
• Oxypolis rigidior (cowbane) C=8
• Packera paupercula (balsam ragwort) C=4
• Packera plattensis (prairie ragwort) C=4
• Panax quinquefolius (ginseng) C=10
• Panicum capillare (old witch grass) C=0
• Panicum dichotomiflorum (knee grass) C=0
• Panicum virgatum (switch grass) C=3
• Parietaria pensylvanica (pellitory) C=0
• Parnassia glauca (grass of Parnassus) C=10
• Paronychia canadensis (tall forked chickweed) C=7
• Parthenium integrifolium (wild quinine) C=8
• Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) C=4
• Paspalum setaceum var. muehlenbergii (hairy lens grass) C=3
• Paspalum setaceum var. stramineum (downy lens grass) C=3
• Pastinaca sativa (wild parsnip) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Pedicularis canadensis (wood betony) C=9
• Pedicularis lanceolata (fen betony) C=10
• Peltandra virginica (arrow arum) C=10
• Penstemon digitalis (foxglove beard tongue) C=4
• Penstemon grandiflorus †† (large-flowered beard tongue) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Penstemon hirsutus (hairy beard tongue) C=9
• Penstemon pallidus (pale beard tongue) C=9
• Penthorum sedoides (ditch stonecrop) C=4
• Persicaria bungeana (prickly smartweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Persicaria coccinea (water smartweed) C=4
• Persicaria hydropiper (woodland water pepper) C=2
• Persicaria longiseta (creeping smartweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Persicaria maculosa (lady's thumb) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Persicaria pensylvanica (pinkweed) C=0
• Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Phemeranthus rugospermus (fameflower) C=10
• Phleum pratense (Timothy) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Phlox bifida (sand phlox) C=8
• Phlox divaricata (woodland phlox) C=5
• Phlox maculata (sweet William phlox) C=10
• Phlox pilosa (sand prairie phlox) C=8
• Phryma leptostachya (lopseed) C=6
• Physalis heterophylla (clammy ground cherry) C=3
• Physalis longifolia (tall ground cherry) C=0
• Physalis pubescens (hairy ground cherry) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Physalis virginiana (prairie ground cherry) C=4
• Physocarpus opulifolius (ninebark) C=5
• Physostegia virginiana (obedient plant) C=4
• Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) C=0
• Pilea fontana (bog clearweed) C=7
• Pilea pumila (clearweed) C=2
• Pinus strobus (white pine) C=10
• Piptatherum racemosum (black-seeded rice grass) C=10
• Plantago aristata (poor Joe) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Plantago lanceolata (English plantain) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Plantago major (common plantain) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Plantago patagonica (woolly plantain) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Plantago rugelii (red-stalked plantain) C=0
• Plantago virginica (dwarf plantain) C=0
• Platanthera aquilonis (northern bog orchid) C=10
• Platanthera lacera (ragged fringed orchid​) C=7
• Platanthera leucophaea * †† (eastern prairie fringed orchid) C=10
• Platanus occidentalis (sycamore) C=5
• Poa annua (annual bluegrass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Poa compressa (Canada bluegrass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Poa palustris (marsh bluegrass) C=7
• Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) C=4
• Polanisia dodecandra (clammy weed) C=0
• Polemonium reptans (Jacob's ladder) C=8
• Polygala incarnata †† (pink milkwort) C=10
• Polygala polygama var. obtusata (purple milkwort) C=9
• Polygala sanguinea (field milkwort) C=4
• Polygala verticillata var. isocycla (whorled milkwort) C=7
• Polygonatum biflorum (smooth Solomon's seal) C=4
• Polygonum achoreum (homeless knotweed) C=0
• Polygonum arenastrum (sidewalk knotweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Polygonum aviculare (common knotweed) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Polygonum buxiforme (boxwood knotweed) C=0
• Polygonum tenue (wiry knotweed) C=5
• Polypodium virginianum (polypody) C=10
• Polytaenia nuttallii (prairie parsley) C=10
• Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed) C=9
• Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood) C=0
• Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) C=3
• Portulaca oleracea (purslane) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Potentilla argentea (silvery cinquefoil) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Potentilla norvegica (rough cinquefoil) C=0
• Potentilla recta (sulphur cinquefoil) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Potentilla simplex (common cinquefoil) C=3
• Prenanthes alba (white lettuce) C=5
• Prenanthes aspera (rough prairie lettuce) C=10
• Prenanthes crepidinea (great white lettuce) C=9
• Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata (wood self heal) C=1
• Prunus americana (wild plum) C=3
• Prunus serotina (wild black cherry) C=0
• Prunus virginiana (choke cherry) C=3
• Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (old-field balsam) C=2
• Ptelea trifoliata (wafer ash) C=4
• Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum  (bracken fern) C=5
• Pulsatilla patens subsp. multifida (pasque flower) C=10
• Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (slender mountain mint) C=7
• Pycnanthemum virginianum (common mountain mint) C=5 
• Quercus alba (white oak) C=5
• Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak) C=5
• Quercus ellipsoidalis (Hill's oak) C=4
• Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak) C=5
• Quercus rubra (red oak) C=5
• Quercus velutina (black oak) C=5
• Ranunculus abortivus (small-flowered buttercup) C=1
• Ranunculus fascicularis (early buttercup) C=6
• Ranunculus flabellaris (yellow water crowfoot) C=5
• Ranunculus recurvatus (hooked buttercup) C=5
• Ranunculus septentrionalis (swamp crowfoot) C=5
• Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Ratibida pinnata (yellow coneflower) C=4
• Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac) C=9
• Rhus glabra (smooth sumac) C=1
• Ribes americanum (wild black currant) C=4
• Ribes cynosbati (prickly wild gooseberry) C=5
• Ribes missouriense (Missouri wild gooseberry) C=2
• Ricciocarpos natans (floating liverwort) NA
• Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Rorippa palustris var. fernaldiana (marsh cress) C=2
• Rosa blanda (early wild rose) C=4
• Rosa carolina (pasture rose) C=5
• Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Rosa rubiginosa (rusty sweetbrier) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Rubus allegheniensis (highbush blackberry) C=3
• Rubus baileyanus (Bailey's dewberry) C=10
• Rubus flagellaris (common dewberry) C=5
• Rubus frondosus (leafy bramble) C=4
• Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry) C=0
• Rubus strigosus (red raspberry) C=1
• Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan) C=1
• Rudbeckia laciniata (wild golden glow) C=4
• Rudbeckia subtomentosa (sweet black-eyed Susan) C=8
• Rudbeckia triloba (brown-eyed Susan) C=1
• Ruellia humilis (prairie petunia) C=8
• Rumex acetosella (field sorrel) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• ​Rumex altissimus (pale dock) C=1
• Rumex crispus (curly dock) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Rumex orbiculatus (great water dock) C=8
• Rumex verticillatus (riverbank dock) C=8
• Sagittaria latifolia (common arrowhead) C=3
• Salix discolor (pussy willow) C=3
• Salix eriocephala (heart-leaved willow) C=5
• Salix humilis (prairie willow) C=6
• Salix interior (sandbar willow) C=2
• Salix nigra (black willow) C=5
• Salix petiolaris (meadow willow) C=7
• Salix x rubens (hybrid crack willow) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Sambucus canadensis (elderberry) C=4
• Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) C=5
• Sanicula canadensis (Canadian black snakeroot) C=5
• Sanicula marilandica (black snakeroot) C=5
• Sanicula odorata (clustered black snakeroot) C=3
• Saponaria officinalis (soapwort) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Sceptridium dissectum (cut-leaved grape fern) C=5
• Sceptridium oneidense (blunt-lobed grape fern) C=5
• Schedonorus arundinaceus (tall fescue) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) C=5
• Schoenoplectus acutus (hard-stemmed bulrush) C=5
• Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (great bulrush) C=3
• Scirpus atrovirens (dark green rush) C=4
• Scirpus cyperinus (woolgrass) C=6
• Scrophularia lanceolata (early figwort) C=4
• Scrophularia marilandica (late figwort) C=4
• Scutellaria lateriflora (mad-dog skullcap) C=4
• Scutellaria ovata (heart-leaved skullcap) C=9
• Scutellaria parvula (small skullcap) C=8
• Securigera varia (crown vetch) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Selaginella rupestris (sand clubmoss) C=10
• Senna hebecarpa (wild senna) C=9
• Senna marilandica (Maryland senna) C=9
• Setaria faberi (giant foxtail) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Setaria pumila (yellow foxtail) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Setaria viridis (green foxtail) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Sicyos angulatus (bur cucumber) C=2
• Silene antirrhina (sleepy catchfly) C=1
• Silene latifolia (white campion) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Silene nivea (snowy campion) C=10
• Silene regia †† (royal catchfly) C=10
• Silene stellata (starry campion) C=6
• Silene vulgaris (bladder campion) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Silphium integrifolium (rosinweed) C=5
• Silphium integrifolium var. deamii (Deam's rosinweed) C=5
• Silphium laciniatum (compass plant) C=5
• Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) C=5
• Silphium terebinthaceum (prairie dock) C=5
• Sisymbrium altissimum (tumble mustard) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Sisymbrium officinale (hedge mustard) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Sisyrinchium albidum (common blue-eyed grass) C=6
• Sisyrinchium angustifolium (stout blue-eyed grass) C=5
• Sisyrinchium campestre (prairie blue-eyed grass) C=10
• Sium suave (tall water parsnip) C=7
• Smilacina racemosa (feathery false Solomon's seal) C=5
• Smilacina stellata (starry false Solomon's seal) C=5
• Smilax ecirrhata (upright carrion flower) C=5
• Smilax hispida (bristly cat brier) C=4
• Smilax lasioneura (common carrion flower) C=5
• Smilax rotundifolia (four-angled cat brier) C=5
• Solanum carolinense (horsenettle) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Solanum ptychanthum (black nightshade) C=0
• Solanum rostratum (buffalo bur) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod) C=1
• Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod) C=1
• Solidago gigantea (late goldenrod) C=4
• Solidago juncea (early goldenrod) C=3
• Solidago missouriensis (Missouri goldenrod) C=9
• Solidago nemoralis (old-field goldenrod) C=3
• Solidago patula (swamp goldenrod) C=9
• Solidago speciosa (showy goldenrod) C=8
• Solidago uliginosa (bog goldenrod) C=10
• Solidago ulmifolia (elm-leaved goldenrod) C=5
• Sonchus uliginosus (common sow thistle) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass) C=5
• Sparganium eurycarpum (common bur reed) C=5
• Spartina pectinata (prairie cordgrass) C=4
• Sphenopholis intermedia (slender wedge grass) C=3
• Sphenopholis obtusata (prairie wedge grass) C=4
• Spiraea alba (meadowsweet) C=5
• Spiranthes cernua (nodding lady's tresses) C=4
• Spiranthes lacera (northern slender lady's tresses) C=5
• Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis (southern slender lady's tresses) C=5
• Spiranthes magnicamporum (great plains lady's tresses) C=8
• Sporobolus compositus (rough dropseed) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Sporobolus cryptandrus (sand dropseed) C=3
• Sporobolus heterolepis (prairie dropseed) C=10
• Stachys hispida (marsh hedge nettle) C=5
• Stachys pilosa (woundwort) C=5
• Staphylea trifolia (bladdernut) C=7
• Stellaria logifolia (long-leaved stitchwort) C=8
• Stellaria media (common chickweed) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Stellaria pubera †† (great chickweed) C=10
• Strophostyles leiosperma (small wild bean)  C=6
• Symphoricarpos orbiculatus (coralberry) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Symphyotrichum drummondii (Drummond's aster) C=3
• Symphyotrichum ericoides  (heath aster) C=6
• Symphyotrichum firmum (shining aster) C=7
• Symphyotrichum laeve (smooth blue aster) C=9
• Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (calico aster) C=4
• Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (New England aster) C=3
• Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (aromatic aster) C=9
• Symphyotrichum ontarionis  (Ontario aster) C=5
• Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (sky-blue aster) C=8
• Symphyotrichum pilosum (hairy aster) C=0
• Symphyotrichum praealtum (willow aster) C=7
• Symphyotrichum puniceum (bristly aster) C=8
• Symphyotrichum sericeum (silky aster) C=10
• Symphyotrichum shortii (Short's aster) C=7
• Symplocarpus foetidus (skunk cabbage) C=8
• Taenidia integerrima (yellow pimpernel) C=10
• Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Tephrosia virginiana (goat's rue) C=8
• Teucrium canadense (Canadian germander ) C=3
• Teucrium canadense var. occidentale (downy germander) C=3
• Thalictrum dasycarpum (purple meadow rue) C=6
• Thalictrum dasycarpum var. hypoglaucum (smooth meadow rue) C=6
• Thelypteris palustris (marsh shield fern) C=7
• Thlaspi arvense (large-fruited penny cress) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Tilia americana (American linden) C=5
• Toxicodendron radicans (poison ivy) C=2
• Tracaulon sagittatum (arrow-leaved tear-thumb) C=7
• Tradescantia ohiensis (common spiderwort) C=3
• Tragopogon dubius (sand goat's beard) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Tragopogon pratensis (common goat's beard) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Triadenum fraseri (marsh St. Johns wort) C=8
• Trifolium aureum (yellow hop clover) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Trifolium hybridum (alsike clover) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Trifolium pratense (red clover) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Trifolium repens (white clover) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Trillium recurvatum (prairie trillium) C=5
• Triodanis perfoliata (common Venus looking glass) C=1
• Triosteum aurantiacum (early horse gentian) C=5
• Triosteum perfoliatum (late horse gentian) C=4
• Triticum aestivum (wheat) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Turritis glabra (tower mustard) C=1
• Typha latifolia (broad-leaved cattail) C=5
• Ulmus americana (American elm) C=3
• Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Ulmus rubra (slippery elm) C=4
• Urtica gracilis (tall nettle) C=1
• Uvularia grandiflora (bellwort) C=7
• Vaccinium angustifolium (early low blueberry) C=6
• Verbascum blattaria (moth mullein) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Verbascum thapsus (common mullein) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Verbena hastata (blue vervain) C=4
• Verbena simplex (narrow-leaved vervain) C=4
• Verbena stricta (hoary vervain) C=4
• Verbena urticifolia (hairy white vervain) C=2
• Verbesina alternifolia (wingstem) C=5
• Vernonia fasciculata (common ironweed) C=8
• Veronica arvensis (corn speedwell) NON-NATIVE C=0​
• Veronica catenata var. glandulosa (water speedwell) C=9
• Veronica officinalis (common speedwell) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Veronica peregrina (purslane speedwell) C=0
• Veronica serpyllifolia (thyme-leaved speedwell) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver's root) C=8
• Viburnum lentago (nannyberry) C=4
• Viburnum prunifolium (black haw) C=5
• Vicia americana (American vetch) C=4
• Vicia cracca (cow vetch) NON-NATIVE C=0
• Viola canadensis var. rugulosa (western Canada violet) C=10
• Viola cucullata (hooded violet) C=9
• Viola lanceolata (lance-leaved violet) C=7
• Viola nephrophylla (northern bog violet) C=9
• Viola pedata var. lineariloba (bird's foot violet) C=9
• Viola pedatifida (prairie violet) C=9
• Viola pubescens var scabriuscula (smooth yellow violet) C=5
• Viola sagittata (arrow-leaved violet) C=5
• Viola sororia (common blue violet) C=3
• Viola subsinuata (lobed blue violet) C=5
• Vitus riparia (riverbank grape) C=1
• Vulpia octoflora (six-weeks fescue) C=1
• Wolffia columbiana (American watermeal) C=5
• Woodsia ilvensis (oblong woodsia fern) NA
• Woodsia obtusa (cliff fern) C=10
• Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (common cocklebur) C=0
• Zanthoxylum americanum (prickly ash) C=3
• Zizia aptera (heart-leaved meadow parsnip) C=10
• Zizia aurea (golden Alexanders) C=5

UPDATED 12/2021